Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "Behavior"
Now showing items 1-20 of 52
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Addictive Internet Use among Korean Adolescents: A National Survey
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: A psychological disorder called ‘Internet addiction’ has newly emerged along with a dramatic increase of worldwide Internet use. However, few studies have used population-level samples nor taken into account ... -
Affective and Neural Reactivity to Criticism in Individuals High and Low on Perceived Criticism
(Public Library of Science, 2012)People who have remitted from depression are at increased risk for relapse if they rate their relatives as being critical of them on a simple self-report measure of Perceived Criticism (PC). To explore neural mechanisms ... -
Amygdala Perfusion Is Predicted by Its Functional Connectivity with the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Negative Affect
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Previous studies have shown that the activity of the amygdala is elevated in people experiencing clinical and subclinical levels of anxiety and depression (negative affect). It has been proposed that a reduction ... -
Anticipation of Monetary Reward Can Attenuate the Vigilance Decrement
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Motivation and reward can have differential effects on separate aspects of sustained attention. We previously demonstrated that continuous reward/punishment throughout a sustained attention task improves overall performance, ... -
Arousal vs. Relaxation: A Comparison of the Neurophysiological and Cognitive Correlates of Vajrayana and Theravada Meditative Practices
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Based on evidence of parasympathetic activation, early studies defined meditation as a relaxation response. Later research attempted to categorize meditation as either involving focused or distributed attentional systems. ... -
Associations between Mental Health and Ebola-Related Health Behaviors: A Regionally Representative Cross-sectional Survey in Post-conflict Sierra Leone
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Little attention has been paid to potential relationships between mental health, trauma, and personal exposures to Ebola virus disease (EVD) and health behaviors in post-conflict West Africa. We tested a ... -
Associations between Recreational and Commuter Cycling, Changes in Cycling, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Cohort Study of Danish Men and Women
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Cycling is a recreational activity and mode of commuting with substantial potential to improve public health in many countries around the world. The aim of this study was to examine prospective associations ... -
Bioenergetic Measurements in Children with Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot \(^{31}\)P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Research exploring Bipolar Disorder (BD) phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in younger subjects, has been insufficient to date. Previous studies have found abnormal cerebral pH levels in ... -
Body Mass Index, Smoking and Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy: A Population Based Case-Control Study
(Public Library of Science, 2016)While obesity is an indicated risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be inversely associated with the development of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The ... -
Caregiver Evaluation of the Quality of End-Of-Life Care (CEQUEL) Scale: The Caregiver's Perception of Patient Care Near Death
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Purpose End-of-life (EOL) measures are limited in capturing caregiver assessment of the quality of EOL care. Because none include caregiver perception of patient suffering or prolongation of death, we sought to develop and ... -
Caregiver Perceptions and Motivation for Disclosing or Concealing the Diagnosis of HIV Infection to Children Receiving HIV Care in Mbarara, Uganda: A Qualitative Study
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Disclosure of the diagnosis of HIV to HIV-infected children is challenging for caregivers. Despite current recommendations, data suggest that levels of disclosure of HIV status to HIV-infected children receiving ... -
Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults
(MyJove Corporation, 2014)Adapted tango dancing improves mobility and balance in older adults and additional populations with balance impairments. It is composed of very simple step elements. Adapted tango involves movement initiation and cessation, ... -
The Constructive Nature of Affective Vision: Seeing Fearful Scenes Activates Extrastriate Body Area
(Public Library of Science, 2012)It is part of basic emotions like fear or anger that they prepare the brain to act adaptively. Hence scenes representing emotional events are normally associated with characteristic adaptive behavior. Normally, face and ... -
Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of Two Prospective Cohort Studies
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: There has been a trend towards increased dining out in many countries. Consuming food prepared out of the home has been linked to poor diet quality, weight gain, and diabetes risk, but whether having meals ... -
Corticosteroid therapy in regressive autism: a retrospective study of effects on the Frequency Modulated Auditory Evoked Response (FMAER), language, and behavior
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Up to a third of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) manifest regressive autism (R-ASD).They show normal early development followed by loss of language and social skills. Absent evidence-based therapies, ... -
Determinants of Smoking and Quitting in HIV-Infected Individuals
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Cigarette smoking is widespread among HIV-infected patients, who confront increased risk of smoking-related co-morbidities. The effects of HIV infection and HIV-related variables on smoking and smoking cessation ... -
Differential Expression of Exosomal microRNAs in Prefrontal Cortices of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Exosomes are cellular secretory vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs). Once secreted, exosomes are able to attach to recipient cells and release miRNAs potentially modulating the function of the recipient cell. We ... -
Dissociable Influences of Auditory Object vs. Spatial Attention on Visual System Oscillatory Activity
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Given that both auditory and visual systems have anatomically separate object identification (“what”) and spatial (“where”) pathways, it is of interest whether attention-driven cross-sensory modulations occur separately ... -
Ecstasy Exposure & Gender: Examining Components of Verbal Memory Functioning
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Objective: Studies have demonstrated verbal memory deficits associated with past year ecstasy use, although specific underlying components of these deficits are less understood. Further, prior research suggests potential ... -
Experience of Pleasure and Emotional Expression in Individuals with Schizotypal Personality Features
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Difficulties in feeling pleasure and expressing emotions are one of the key features of schizophrenia spectrum conditions, and are significant contributors to constricted interpersonal interactions. The current study ...