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Variations in the Biological Functions of HIV-1 Clade C Envelope in a SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaque during Disease Progression
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
A better understanding of how the biological functions of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) changes during disease progression may aid the design of an efficacious anti-HIV-1 vaccine. Although studies from patient had provided some ...
Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Expanded Voluntary HIV Testing in India
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Background: Despite expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), most of the estimated 2.3 to 2.5 million HIV-infected individuals in India remain undiagnosed. The questions of whom to test for HIV and at what frequency ...
Challenges in Using Cultured Primary Rodent Hepatocytes or Cell Lines to Study Hepatic HDL Receptor SR-BI Regulation by Its Cytoplasmic Adaptor PDZK1
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Background: PDZK1 is a four PDZ-domain containing cytoplasmic protein that binds to a variety of membrane proteins via their C-termini and can influence the abundance, localization and/or function of its target proteins. ...
Biliverdin Protects against Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Swine
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in organ transplantation remains a serious and unsolved problem. Organs that undergo significant damage during IRI, function less well immediately after reperfusion and tend to have more ...
Streptolysin O and its Co-Toxin NAD-glycohydrolase Protect Group A Streptococcus from Xenophagic Killing
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes or GAS) causes pharyngitis, severe invasive infections, and the post-infectious syndromes of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. GAS can be internalized and killed by ...
Intradermal Immunization with Wall Teichoic Acid (WTA) Elicits and Augments an Anti-WTA IgG Response that Protects Mice from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Independent of Mannose-Binding Lectin Status
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
The objectives of this study were to investigate the immune response to intradermal immunization with wall teichoic acid (WTA) and the effect of MBL deficiency in a murine model of infection with methicillin-resistant ...
The Growing Problem of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in North Korea
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Kwonjune Seung and Stephen Linton from the non-governmental organization EugeneBell discuss the worryingly high levels of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis they have observed in North Korea's tuberculosis sanatoria. Please ...
iNKT Cell Production of GM-CSF Controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are activated during infection, but how they limit microbial growth is unknown in most cases. We investigated how iNKT cells suppress intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ...
Performance of a Limiting-Antigen Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay for Cross-Sectional Estimation of HIV Incidence in the United States
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Background: A limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (HIV-1 LAg-Avidity assay) was recently developed for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation. We evaluated the performance of the LAg-Avidity assay alone and in ...
Low Levels of Peripheral CD161++CD8+ Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Found in HIV and HIV/TB Co-Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2013)
Background: High expression of CD161 on CD8+ T cells is associated with a population of cells thought to play a role in mucosal immunity. We wished to investigate this subset in an HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) ...