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What Drives the US and Peruvian HIV Epidemics in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)?
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
In this work, we estimate the proportions of transmissions occurring in main vs. casual partnerships, and by the sexual role, infection stage, and testing and treatment history of the infected partner, for men who have sex ...
Co-Operative Additive Effects between HLA Alleles in Control of HIV-1
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Background: HLA class I genotype is a major determinant of the outcome of HIV infection, and the impact of certain alleles on HIV disease outcome is well studied. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain HLA class I ...
Long-Term Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Response to Lamivudine-Containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients in Thailand
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Background: Approximately 4 million of people are co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis B virus (HBV). In resource-limited settings, the majority of HIV-infected patients initiate first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
Detection of Microbial Translocation in HIV and SIV Infection Using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay is Masked by Serum and Plasma
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Objective: Microbial translocation (MT) is thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIV-related immune activation, and circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is the principle ...
Searching for Sharp Drops in the Incidence of Pandemic A/H1N1 Influenza by Single Year of Age
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Background: During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1), morbidity and mortality sparing was observed among the elderly population; it was hypothesized that this age group benefited from immunity to pH1N1 due to cross-reactive ...
Tuberculosis and Poverty: Why Are the Poor at Greater Risk in India?
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Background: Although poverty is widely recognized as an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) disease, the specific proximal risk factors that mediate this association are less clear. The objective of our study was ...
Change in Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy after Treatment during Acute HIV Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Objective: Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to monitor changes in brain inflammation and neuronal integrity associated with HIV infection and its treatments. We used MRS to measure brain ...
HIV-1 Subtypes and Recombinants in Northern Tanzania: Distribution of Viral Quasispecies
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
This study analyzed the distribution and prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes, multiplicity of HIV-1 infection, and frequency of inter-subtype recombination among HIV-1-infected female bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Kilimanjaro ...
Potential Benefits of Second-Generation Human Papillomavirus Vaccines
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Background: Current prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) target two oncogenic types (16 and 18) that contribute to 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. Our objective was to quantify the range of ...
Hypertension and Obesity in Adults Living in a High HIV Prevalence Rural Area in South Africa
(Public Library of Science, 2012)
Hypertension and excess body weight are major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In countries with a high HIV prevalence, it is unknown how increased antiretroviral treatment ...