Now showing items 2147-2166 of 6362

    • Estrogen pathway polymorphisms in relation to primary open angle glaucoma: An analysis accounting for gender from the United States 

      Pasquale, Louis R.; Loomis, Stephanie J.; Weinreb, Robert N.; Kang, Jae H.; Yaspan, Brian L.; Bailey, Jessica Cooke; Gaasterland, Douglas; Gaasterland, Terry; Lee, Richard K.; Scott, William K.; Lichter, Paul R.; Budenz, Donald L.; Liu, Yutao; Realini, Tony; Friedman, David S.; McCarty, Catherine A.; Moroi, Sayoko E.; Olson, Lana; Schuman, Joel S.; Singh, Kuldev; Vollrath, Douglas; Wollstein, Gadi; Zack, Donald J.; Brilliant, Murray; Sit, Arthur J.; Christen, William G.; Fingert, John; Kraft, Peter; Zhang, Kang; Allingham, R. Rand; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Richards, Julia E.; Hauser, Michael A.; Haines, Jonathan L.; Wiggs, Janey L. (Molecular Vision, 2013)
      Purpose Circulating estrogen levels are relevant in glaucoma phenotypic traits. We assessed the association between an estrogen metabolism single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel in relation to primary open angle glaucoma ...
    • Estrogen receptor negative/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer is not a reproducible subtype 

      Hefti, Marco M; Hu, Rong; Knoblauch, Nicholas W; Collins, Laura C; Haibe-Kains, Benjamin; Tamimi, Rulla M; Beck, Andrew H (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Introduction: Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) testing are performed in the evaluation of breast cancer. While the clinical utility of ER as a predictive biomarker to identify patients likely to benefit ...
    • Estrogen-dependent signaling in a molecularly distinct subclass of aggressive prostate cancer 

      Setlur, Sunita R.; Mertz, Kirsten D.; Hoshida, Yujin; Demichelis, Francesca; Lupien, Mathieu; Perner, Sven; Sboner, Andrea; Pawitan, Yudi; Andrén, Ove; Johnson, Laura A.; Tang, Jeff; Adami, Hans-Olov; Calza, Stefano; Chinnaiyan, Arul M.; Rhodes, Daniel; Tomlins, Scott; Fall, Katja; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Kantoff, Philip W.; Stampfer, Meir; Andersson, Swen-Olof; Varenhorst, Eberhard; Johansson, Jan-Erik; Brown, Myles; Golub, Todd R.; Rubin, Mark A. (Oxford University Press, 2008)
      Background The majority of prostate cancers harbor gene fusions of the 5'-untranslated region of the androgen-regulated transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) promoter with erythroblast transformation-specific transcription ...
    • Estrogens and breast cancer 

      Hankinson, Susan E.; Stampfer, Meir (Instituto Nacional de Salud P�blica, 1997)
      In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic evidence for the associations of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormones with risk of breast cancer. We also describe the biologic plausibility of these relationships. ...
    • Estudio Parto: postpartum diabetes prevention program for hispanic women with abnormal glucose tolerance in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial – study protocol 

      Chasan-Taber, Lisa; Marcus, Bess H; Rosal, Milagros C; Tucker, Katherine L; Hartman, Sheri J; Pekow, Penelope; Braun, Barry; Moore Simas, Tiffany A; Solomon, Caren G; Manson, JoAnn E; Markenson, Glenn (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. with rates consistently higher among Hispanics as compared to non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanic women diagnosed with gestational diabetes ...
    • The ESX System in Bacillus subtilis Mediates Protein Secretion 

      Huppert, Laura A.; Ramsdell, Talia L.; Chase, Michael R.; Sarracino, David A.; Fortune, Sarah M.; Burton, Briana M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Esat-6 protein secretion systems (ESX or Ess) are required for the virulence of several human pathogens, most notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. These secretion systems are defined by a conserved ...
    • Ethical Alternatives to Experiments with Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens 

      Lipsitch, Marc; Galvani, Alison P. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
    • Ethical Comparators in Coronavirus Vaccine Trials 

      Eyal, Nir; Lipsitch, Marc (2020-03-31)
    • Ethical priority setting for universal health coverage: challenges in deciding upon fair distribution of health services 

      Norheim, Ole F. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Priority setting is inevitable on the path towards universal health coverage. All countries experience a gap between their population’s health needs and what is economically feasible for governments to provide. Can priority ...
    • Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda 

      Betancourt, Theresa; Smith Fawzi, Mary C.; Stevenson, Anne; Kanyanganzi, Fredrick; Kirk, Catherine; Ng, Lauren; Mushashi, Christina; Bizimana, Justin I.; Beardslee, William; Raviola, Giuseppe; Smith, Stephanie; Kayiteshonga, Yvonne; Binagwaho, Agnes (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      A “risk of harm” protocol to identify youth in need of immediate emergency assistance in a study on mental health and HIV in Rwanda among 680 youth ages 10–17 is described. Cases are presented that describe the experience ...
    • The Ethiopian Health Extension Program and Variation in Health Systems Performance: What Matters? 

      Fetene, Netsanet; Linnander, Erika; Fekadu, Binyam; Alemu, Hibret; Omer, Halima; Canavan, Maureen; Smith, Janna; Berman, Peter; Bradley, Elizabeth (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: Primary health care services are fundamental to improving health and health equity, particularly in the context of low and middle-income settings where resources are scarce. During the past decade, Ethiopia ...
    • Ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use and related sexual risks for HIV among vulnerable women in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for interventions 

      Myers, Bronwyn; Kline, Tracy L; Browne, Felicia A.; Carney, Tara; Parry, Charles; Johnson, Kim; Wechsberg, Wendee M (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among poor Black African and Coloured women in South Africa compounds their sexual risk for HIV. Given South Africa’s history of ethnic disparities, ethnic differences in sex ...
    • Ethnic Differences in Survival after Breast Cancer in South East Asia 

      Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala; Hartman, Mikael; Yip, Cheng-Har; Saxena, Nakul; Taib, Nur Aishah; Lim, Siew-Eng; Iau, Philip; Adami, Hans-Olov; Bulgiba, Awang M.; Lee, Soo-Chin; Verkooijen, Helena M. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The burden of breast cancer in Asia is escalating. We evaluated the impact of ethnicity on survival after breast cancer in the multi-ethnic region of South East Asia. Methodology/Principal Findings Using the ...
    • Ethnic-specific associations of rare and low-frequency DNA sequence variants with asthma 

      Igartua, Catherine; Myers, Rachel A.; Mathias, Rasika A.; Pino-Yanes, Maria; Eng, Celeste; Graves, Penelope E.; Levin, Albert M.; Del-Rio-Navarro, Blanca E.; Jackson, Daniel J.; Livne, Oren E.; Rafaels, Nicholas; Edlund, Christopher K.; Yang, James J.; Huntsman, Scott; Salam, Muhammad T.; Romieu, Isabelle; Mourad, Raphael; Gern, James E.; Lemanske, Robert F.; Wyss, Annah; Hoppin, Jane A.; Barnes, Kathleen C.; Burchard, Esteban G.; Gauderman, W. James; Martinez, Fernando D.; Raby, Benjamin A.; Weiss, Scott T.; Williams, L. Keoki; London, Stephanie J.; Gilliland, Frank D.; Nicolae, Dan L.; Ober, Carole (Nature Pub. Group, 2015)
      Common variants at many loci have been robustly associated with asthma but explain little of the overall genetic risk. Here we investigate the role of rare (<1%) and low-frequency (1–5%) variants using the Illumina HumanExome ...
    • Ethnicity, Obesity, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A 20-year follow-up study 

      Shai, I.; Jiang, R.; Manson, J. E.; Stampfer, Meir; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Colditz, G. A.; Hu, F. B. (American Diabetes Association, 2006)
      Objective - To examine ethnic differences in risk of type 2 diabetes, taking dietary and lifestyle risk factors into account. Research design and methods - A prospective (1980-2000) cohort (from The Nurses' Health Study) ...
    • Etravirine Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women 

      Mulligan, Nikki; Schalkwijk, Stein; Best, Brookie M.; Colbers, Angela; Wang, Jiajia; Capparelli, Edmund V.; Moltó, José; Stek, Alice M.; Taylor, Graham; Smith, Elizabeth; Hidalgo Tenorio, Carmen; Chakhtoura, Nahida; van Kasteren, Marjo; Fletcher, Courtney V.; Mirochnick, Mark; Burger, David (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)
      Background: The study goal was to describe etravirine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum in HIV-infected women. Methods: IMPAACT P1026s and PANNA are on-going, non-randomized, open-label, parallel-group, ...
    • Evaluating a 4-marker signature of aggressive prostate cancer using time-dependent AUC 

      Gerke, Travis; Martin, Neil; Ding, Zhihu; Nuttall, Elizabeth; Stack, Edward; Giovannucci, Edward; Lis, Rosina; Stampfer, Meir; Kantoff, Phillip; Parmigiani, Giovanni; Loda, Massimo; Mucci, Lorelei (Wiley, 2015)
      BACKGROUND We previously identified a protein tumor signature of PTEN, SMAD4, SPP1, and CCND1 that, together with clinical features, was associated with lethal outcomes among prostate cancer patients. In the current study, ...
    • Evaluating adherence to recommended diets in adults: the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 

      McCullough, Marjorie L.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600 (Cambridge University Press, 2006)
      Objective: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), designed to assess adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid, was previously associated with only a small reduction in major chronic disease ...
    • Evaluating deliberative dialogues focussed on healthy public policy 

      Lavis, John N; Boyko, Jennifer A; Gauvin, Francois-Pierre (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Deliberative dialogues have recently captured attention in the public health policy arena because they have the potential to address several key factors that influence the use of research evidence in policymaking. ...
    • Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 1. Examples, Definitions, and a Personal Note 

      Spiegelman, Donna (American Public Health Association, 2016)
      In the first contribution to a new section in AJPH that will address critical methodological issues in evaluations of public health interventions, I will discuss topics in study design and analysis, covering the most ...