Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 2225-2244 of 6362

    • Evolution of the Multi-Domain Structures of Virulence Genes in the Human Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium falciparum 

      Recker, Mario; Buckee, Caroline (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The var gene family of Plasmodium falciparum encodes the immunodominant variant surface antigens PfEMP1. These highly polymorphic proteins are important virulence factors that mediate cytoadhesion to a variety of host ...

    • Evolution, Safety, and Highly Pathogenic Influenza Viruses 

      Lipsitch, Marc; Plotkin, J. B.; Simonsen, L.; Bloom, Barry R. (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2012)
      Experience with influenza has shown that predictions of virus phenotype or fitness from nucleotide sequence are imperfect and that predicting the timing and course of evolution is extremely difficult. Such uncertainty means ...

    • Evolutionary age of repetitive element subfamilies and sensitivity of DNA methylation to airborne pollutants 

      Byun, Hyang-Min; Motta, Valeria; Panni, Tommaso; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto; Apostoli, Pietro; Hou, Lifang; Baccarelli, Andrea A (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Repetitive elements take up >40% of the human genome and can change distribution through transposition, thus generating subfamilies. Repetitive element DNA methylation has associated with several diseases and ...

    • An Evolutionary Approach for Identifying Driver Mutations in Colorectal Cancer 

      Foo, Jasmine; Liu, Lin L; Leder, Kevin; Riester, Markus; Iwasa, Yoh; Lengauer, Christoph; Michor, Franziska (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      The traditional view of cancer as a genetic disease that can successfully be treated with drugs targeting mutant onco-proteins has motivated whole-genome sequencing efforts in many human cancer types. However, only a subset ...

    • Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy 

      Bozic, Ivana; Reiter, Johannes G; Allen, Benjamin; Antal, Tibor; Chatterjee, Krishnendu; Shah, Preya; Moon, Yo Sup; Yaqubie, Amin; Kelly, Nicole; Le, Dung T; Lipson, Evan J; Chapman, Paul B; Diaz, Luis A; Vogelstein, Bert; Nowak, Martin A (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2013)
      In solid tumors, targeted treatments can lead to dramatic regressions, but responses are often short-lived because resistant cancer cells arise. The major strategy proposed for overcoming resistance is combination therapy. ...

    • Evolutionary Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C Accessory and Regulatory Genes in Primary Infection 

      Rossenkhan, Raabya; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Sebunya, TK; Musonda, Rosemary Mubanga; Gashe, BA; Essex, Myron Elmer (BioMed Central, 2012)

    • Evolutionary Dynamics of Intratumor Heterogeneity 

      Iwasa, Yoh; Michor, Franziska L. (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Intraneoplastic diversity in human tumors is a widespread phenomenon of critical importance for tumor progression and the response to therapeutic intervention. Insights into the evolutionary events that control tumor ...

    • Evolutionary dynamics of tumor suppressor gene inactivation 

      Nowak, Martin A.; Michor, Franziska; Komarova, Natalia L.; Iwasa, Yoh (National Academy of Sciences, 2004)
      Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are important gatekeepers that protect against somatic evolution of cancer. Losing both alleles of a TSG in a single cell represents a step toward cancer. We study how the kinetics of TSG ...

    • Evolutionary Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae O1 following a Single-Source Introduction to Haiti 

      Katz, Lee S.; Petkau, Aaron; Beaulaurier, John; Tyler, Shaun; Antonova, Elena S.; Turnsek, Maryann A.; Guo, Yan; Wang, Susana; Paxinos, Ellen E.; Orata, Fabini; Gladney, Lori M.; Stroika, Steven; Folster, Jason P.; Rowe, Lori; Freeman, Molly M.; Knox, Natalie; Frace, Mike; Boncy, Jacques; Graham, Morag; Hammer, Brian K.; Boucher, Yan; Bashir, Ali; Hanage, William P.; Van Domselaar, Gary; Tarr, Cheryl L. (American Society of Microbiology, 2013)
      ABSTRACT Prior to the epidemic that emerged in Haiti in October of 2010, cholera had not been documented in this country. After its introduction, a strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 spread rapidly throughout Haiti, where it ...

    • Evolutionary Gamut of in vivo Gag Substitutions during Early HIV-1 Subtype C Infection 

      Novitsky, Vladimir; Wang, Rui; Baca, Jeannie; Margolin, Lauren; McLane, Mary F.; Moyo, Sikhulile; Widenfelt, Erik van; Makhema, Joseph; Essex, M. (SAGE Publications, 2011)
      Two analyses of HIV-1 subtype C Gag quasispecies were performed in a prospective cohort of 42 acutely and recently infected individuals by SGA on viral RNA/proviral DNA templates. First, in vivo Gag substitutions were ...

    • Examination of How Neighborhood Definition Influences Measurements of Youths' Access to Tobacco Retailers: A Methodological Note on Spatial Misclassification 

      Duncan, Dustin; Kawachi, Ichiro; Subramanian, S. V.; Aldstadt, Jared; Melly, Steven; Williams, David (, 2014)
      Measurements of neighborhood exposures likely vary depending on the definition of neighborhood selected. This study examined the extent to which neighborhood definition influences findings regarding spatial accessibility ...

    • Examining the role of different age groups, and of vaccination during the 2012 Minnesota pertussis outbreak 

      Worby, Colin J.; Kenyon, Cynthia; Lynfield, Ruth; Lipsitch, Marc; Goldstein, Edward (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      There is limited information on the roles of different age groups during pertussis outbreaks. Little is known about vaccine effectiveness against pertussis infection (both clinically apparent and subclinical), which is ...

    • Examining the use of health systems and policy research in the health policymaking process in Israel: views of researchers 

      Ellen, Moriah E.; Lavis, John N.; Shemer, Joshua (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: All too often, health policy and management decisions are made without making use of or consulting with the best available research evidence, which can lead to ineffective and inefficient health systems. One ...

    • Excess circulating angiopoietin-2 may contribute to pulmonary vascular leak in sepsis in humans 

      Parikh, Samir Mukund; Mammoto, Tadanori; Schultz, Aylit; Yuan, Hai-Tao; Christiani, David C.; Karumanchi, Subbian Ananth; Sukhatme, Vikas Pandurang (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating complication of numerous underlying conditions, most notably sepsis. Although pathologic vascular leak has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ARDS ...

    • Excess mortality impact of two epidemics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1pdm09) virus in Hong Kong 

      Wu, Peng; Goldstein, Edward; Ho, Lai-Ming; Wu, Joseph T; Tsang, Thomas; Leung, Gabriel M; Cowling, Benjamin J (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013)
      Hong Kong experienced two large epidemics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1pdm09). We used regression methods to estimate the excess mortality associated with each epidemic. The first epidemic of H1N1pdm09 peaked in September ...

    • Excess Weight and the Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease among Men and Women 

      Flint, Alan J.; Hu, Frank B.; Glynn, Robert J.; Caspard, Hervé; Manson, JoAnn E.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600 (Wiley, 2010)
      Overweight and obesity have been prospectively associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Less clear is the relation of excess weight to risk of CHD among men and women with comorbid conditions, and the ...

    • Excessive diagnostic testing in acute kidney injury 

      Leaf, David E.; Srivastava, Anand; Zeng, Xiaoxi; McMahon, Gearoid M.; Croy, Heather E.; Mendu, Mallika L.; Kachalia, Allen; Waikar, Sushrut S. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: The patterns, performance characteristics, and yield of diagnostic tests ordered for the evaluation of acute kidney injury (AKI) have not been rigorously evaluated. Methods: We characterized the frequency of ...

    • Exclusive Breastfeeding and Developmental and Behavioral Status in Early Childhood 

      Jonsdottir, Olof H.; Thorsdottir, Inga; Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Fewtrell, Mary S.; Hibberd, Patricia L.; Kleinman, Ronald E. (MDPI, 2013)
      Breastfeeding during infancy may have beneficial effects on various developmental outcomes in childhood. In this study, exclusively breastfed infants were randomly assigned to receive complementary foods from the age of 4 ...

    • Exclusive breastfeeding reduces risk of mortality in infants up to 6 mo of age born to HIV-positive Tanzanian women 

      Natchu, Uma Mouli; Liu, Enju; Duggan, Christopher; Msamanga, Gernard; Peterson, Karen; Aboud, Said; Spiegelman, Donna; Fawzi, Wafaie W. (Oxford University Press, 2012)
      Background: Despite the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), exposure to HIV from breast milk has relegated EBF to an option only when formula feeding is not affordable, feasible, safe, and sustainable. Mixed feeding ...

    • Exercising alone versus with others and associations with subjective health status in older Japanese: The JAGES Cohort Study 

      Kanamori, Satoru; Takamiya, Tomoko; Inoue, Shigeru; Kai, Yuko; Kawachi, Ichiro; Kondo, Katsunori (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      Although exercising with others may have extra health benefits compared to exercising alone, few studies have examined the differences. We sought to examine whether the association of regular exercise to subjective health ...