Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 3113-3132 of 6362
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Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis
(International AIDS Society, 2013)Introduction: Adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a critical determinant of HIV-1 RNA viral suppression and health outcomes. It is generally accepted that HIV-related stigma is correlated with factors that may ... -
Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014)It is widely believed that epidemics in new hosts diminish in virulence over time, with natural selection favoring pathogens that cause minimal disease. However, a tradeoff frequently exists between high virulence shortening ... -
Impact of Host Heterogeneity on the Efficacy of Interventions to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Carriage
(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2015)BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacterial infections worldwide. It is most commonly carried in and transmitted from the anterior nares. Hosts are known to vary in their proclivity for S. aureus nasal ... -
Impact of inpatient caseload, emergency department duties, and online learning resource on General Medicine In-Training Examination scores in Japan
(Dove Medical Press, 2015)Background: Both clinical workload and access to learning resource are important components of educational environment and may have effects on clinical knowledge of residents. Methods: We conducted a survey with a clinical ... -
The impact of internal displacement on child mortality in post-earthquake Haiti: a difference-in-differences analysis
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The Haiti earthquake in 2010 resulted in 1.5 million internally displaced people (IDP), yet little is known about the impact of displacement on health. In this study, we estimate the impact of displacement on ... -
The Impact of Japan's 2004 Postgraduate Training Program on Intra-Prefectural Distribution of Pediatricians in Japan
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Objective: Inequity in physician distribution poses a challenge to many health systems. In Japan, a new postgraduate training program for all new medical graduates was introduced in 2004, and researchers have argued that ... -
The Impact of Maternal Characteristics on the Moderately Premature Infant: An Antenatal Maternal Transport Clinical Prediction Rule
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Background: Moderately premature infants, defined here as those born between 30 \(\frac{0}{7}\) and 34 \(\frac{6}{7}\) weeks gestation, comprise 3.9% of all births in the United States and 32% of all preterm births. While ... -
The Impact of Menthol Cigarettes on Smoking Initiation among Non-Smoking Young Females in Japan
(MDPI, 2010)Japan presents an excellent case-study of a nation with low female smoking rates and a negligible menthol market which changed after the cigarette market was opened to foreign competition. Internal tobacco industry documents ... -
The Impact of Microenvironmental Heterogeneity on the Evolution of Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells
(Libertas Academica, 2015)Therapeutic resistance arises as a result of evolutionary processes driven by dynamic feedback between a heterogeneous cell population and environmental selective pressures. Previous studies have suggested that mutations ... -
The Impact of Migrations on the Health Services for Rare Diseases in Europe: The Example of Haemoglobin Disorders
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013)Migration from different parts of the world to several European countries leads to the introduction of haemoglobinopathy genes into the population, which creates several demanding needs for prevention and treatment services ... -
Impact of mupirocin resistance on the transmission and control of healthcare-associated MRSA
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the relative transmissibility of mupirocin-resistant (MupR) and mupirocin-susceptible (MupS) MRSA strains and evaluate the long-term impact of MupR on MRSA control ... -
The Impact of Nitrogen Oxides Concentration Decreases on Ozone Trends in the USA
(Springer Nature, 2014-07-25)Ozone (O-3) has harmful effects on human health and ecosystems. In the USA, significant reductions of O-3 precursors-nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-have not yielded proportionate decreases in ... -
Impact of Noncommunicable Disease Multimorbidity on Healthcare Utilisation and Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures in Middle-Income Countries: Cross Sectional Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: The burden of non-communicable disease (NCDs) has grown rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where populations are ageing, with rising prevalence of multimorbidity (more than two co-existing ... -
Impact of Overweight on the Risk of Developing Common Chronic Diseases During a 10-Year Period
(American Medical Association, 2001)Background: Overweight adults are at an increased risk of developing numerous chronic diseases. Methods: Ten-year follow-up (1986-1996) of middle-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study and men in the Health Professionals ... -
Impact of prenatal methylmercury exposure on neurobehavioral function at age 14 years
(Elsevier BV, 2006)A cohort of 1022 consecutive singleton births was generated during 1987–1988 in the Faroe Islands, where increased methylmercury exposure occurs from traditional seafood diets that include pilot whale meat. The prenatal ... -
Impact of Public Health Emergencies on Modern Disaster Taxonomy, Planning, and Response
(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2008)Current disaster taxonomy describes diversity, distinguishing characteristics, and common relations in disaster event classifications. The impact of compromised public health infrastructure and systems on health consequences ... -
The Impact of Realistic Age Structure in Simple Models of Tuberculosis Transmission
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: Mathematical models of tuberculosis (TB) transmission have been used to characterize disease dynamics, investigate the potential effects of public health interventions, and prioritize control measures. While ... -
Impact of Seasonal Variation, Age and Smoking Status on Human Semen Parameters: The Massachusetts General Hospital Experience
(BioMed Central, 2004)Background: To investigate the relationship of human semen parameters with season, age and smoking status. Methods: The present study used data from subjects recruited into an ongoing cross-sectional study on the relationship ... -
Impact of sepsis on risk of postoperative arterial and venous thromboses: large prospective cohort study
(BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2014)Objectives: To evaluate the impact of preoperative sepsis on risk of postoperative arterial and venous thromboses. Design: Prospective cohort study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database of the ... -
The impact of serotype-specific vaccination on phylodynamic parameters of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the pneumococcal pan-genome
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018)In the United States, the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) largely eliminated vaccine serotypes (VT); non-vaccine serotypes (NVT) subsequently increased in carriage and disease. Vaccination ...