Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 3147-3166 of 6362
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The impact of “early” versus “late” initiation of renal replacement therapy in critical care patients with acute kidney injury: a systematic review and evidence synthesis
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The optimal timing of initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critical illness complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) is not clearly established. Trials completed on this topic have been marked by ... -
Impact on Disease Development, Genomic Location and Biological Function of Copy Number Alterations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Lung cancer, of which more than 80% is non-small cell, is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Copy number alterations (CNAs) in lung cancer have been shown to be positionally clustered in certain ... -
Impacts of casinos on key pathways to health: qualitative findings from American Indian gaming communities in California
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Three decades ago, casino gaming on sovereign American Indian lands was legalized with differential economic and social implications. While casinos have improved the incomes of tribal communities, there have ... -
Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on nutrient content of important food crops
(Nature Publishing Group, 2015)One of the many ways that climate change may affect human health is by altering the nutrient content of food crops. However, previous attempts to study the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on crop nutrition have been ... -
The impacts of maternal mortality and cause of death on children’s risk of dying in rural South Africa: evidence from a population based surveillance study (1992-2013)
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Maternal mortality, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and child survival are closely linked. This study contributes evidence on the impact of maternal death on children’s risk of dying in an HIV-endemic population in rural ... -
Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: A qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: The consequences of maternal mortality on orphaned children and the family members who support them are dramatic, especially in countries that have high maternal mortality like Ethiopia. As part of a four ... -
Impacts of Temperature and its Variability on Mortality in New England
(2015)Rapid buildup of greenhouse gases is expected to increase the Earth surface mean temperature, with unclear effects on temperature variability1–3. This adds urgency to better understand the direct effects of the changing ... -
Impaired hepatitis C virus-specific T cell responses and recurrent hepatitis C virus in HIV coinfection
(Public Library of Science, 2006)Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses are critical for spontaneous resolution of HCV viremia. Here we examined the effect of a lymphotropic virus, HIV-1, on the ability of coinfected patients to ... -
Impaired Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Its Effect on Colonization in an Infant Mouse Model
(American Society for Microbiology, 2009)Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and invasive disease peak around the third and first birthdays, respectively, and decline thereafter. While these declines are attributable in part to immunity acquired via natural ... -
Impaired Reproductive Development in Sons of Women Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides during Pregnancy
(Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008)Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether occupational pesticide exposure during pregnancy causes adverse effects on the reproductive development in the male infants. Design and ... -
Implementation and Scale-Up of Psycho-Trauma Centers in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of a Private–Public Partnership in Northern Uganda
(Public Library of Science, 2013)As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda. -
Implementation of 5S management method for lean healthcare at a health center in Senegal: a qualitative study of staff perception
(Co-Action Publishing, 2015)Background: 5S is a lean method for workplace organization; it is an abbreviation representing five Japanese words that can be translated as sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain. The 5S management method has ... -
Implementation of Electronic Consent at a Biobank: An Opportunity for Precision Medicine Research
(MDPI, 2016)The purpose of this study is to characterize the potential benefits and challenges of electronic informed consent (eIC) as a strategy for rapidly expanding the reach of large biobanks while reducing costs and potentially ... -
Implementing the European Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the Primary Care Setting in Cyprus: Lessons Learned from a Health Care Services Study
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: Recent guidelines recommend assessment and treatment of the overall risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) through management of multiple risk factors in patients at high absolute risk. The aim of our study was ... -
Implications of test characteristics and population seroprevalence on ‘immune passport’ strategies
(2020-05)Social distancing and other community quarantine measures have slowed the spread of COVID-19 but have also contributed to an economic shutdown with immense cost and growing pressures to return people to work. Among various ... -
Implications of the Age Profile of the Novel Coronavirus
(2020-03)The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear, and existing data are yet to provide a consistent explanation for the markedly skewed age distribution of COVID-19 cases. Whereas early data from ... -
Implications of the Precautionary Principle in research and policy-making
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)The Precautionary Principle (PP) has recently been formally introduced into national and international law. The key element is the justification for acting in the face of uncertainty. The PP is thereby a tool for avoiding ... -
The Implications of Using a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Pesticide Risk Assessment
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Background: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model would make it possible to simulate the dynamics of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) from different routes of exposures ... -
Implications of Zika virus and congenital Zika syndrome for the number of live births in Brazil
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018)An increase in microcephaly, associated with an epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil, prompted the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016. While knowledge ... -
The Importance of Drains for the Larval Development of Lymphatic Filariasis and Malaria Vectors in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: Dar es Salaam has an extensive drain network, mostly with inadequate water flow, blocked by waste, causing flooding after rainfall. The presence of Anopheles and Culex larvae is common, which is likely to impact ...