Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 4241-4260 of 6362

    • Obesity Prevention in Child Care: A Review of U.S. State Regulations 

      Benjamin, Sara E; Cradock, Angie Lynn; Walker, Elizabeth M.; Slining, Meghan; Gillman, Matthew William (BioMed Central, 2008)
      Objective: To describe and contrast individual state nutrition and physical activity regulations related to childhood obesity for child care centers and family child care homes in the United States. Methods: We conducted ...

    • Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women 

      Cornelis, Marilyn C.; Rimm, Eric B.; Curhan, Gary C.; Kraft, Peter; Hunter, David J.; Hu, Frank B.; van Dam, Rob M. (2013)
      Objective: Many confirmed genetic loci for obesity are expressed in regions of the brain that regulate energy intake and reward-seeking behavior. Whether these loci contribute to the development of specific eating behaviors ...

    • Obesity trends by industry of employment in the United States, 2004 to 2011 

      Jackson, Chandra L.; Wee, Christina C.; Hurtado, David A.; Kawachi, Ichiro (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Obesity is associated with increased morbidity, occupational injuries, and premature mortality. Obesity also disproportionately affects blacks and socioeconomically disadvantaged workers. However, few studies ...

    • Obesity, Behavioral Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Acute Coronary Events 

      Jensen, M. K.; Chiuve, S. E.; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600; Dethlefsen, C.; Tjonneland, A.; Joensen, A. M.; Overvad, K. (American Heart Association, 2008)
      Background-Whether physical activity reduces the impact of obesity on the risk of acute coronary events is much debated. However, little is known about the role of other potentially modifiable lifestyle factors in combination ...

    • Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men 

      Chan, J.; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600; Colditz, G.; Stampfer, M.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600 (American Diabetes Association, 1994)
      OBJECTIVE- To investigate the relation between obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain through adulthood and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- We analyzed data ...

    • Obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular prognosis: from the Partners coronary computed tomography angiography registry 

      Hulten, Edward A.; Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer; Preston, Ryan; Singh, Avinainder; Romagnolli, Carla; Ghoshhajra, Brian; Shah, Ravi; Abbasi, Siddique; Abbara, Suhny; Nasir, Khurram; Blaha, Michael; Hoffmann, Udo; Di Carli, Marcelo F.; Blankstein, Ron (BioMed Central, 2017)
      Objective: To investigate the relationship among body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risk and coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods: Retrospective ...

    • Obesity, Physical Activity, and Their Interaction in Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women 

      Azarbal, Farnaz; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Salmoirago‐Blotcher, Elena; Manson, JoAnn E.; Albert, Christine M.; LaMonte, Michael J.; Larson, Joseph C.; Li, Wenjun; Martin, Lisa W.; Nassir, Rami; Garcia, Lorena; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Tharp, Katie M.; Hlatky, Mark A.; Perez, Marco V. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014)
      Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased risk of stroke and death. Obesity is an independent risk factor for AF, but modifiers of this risk are not well ...

    • Obesity-induced Lymphedema Nonreversible following Massive Weight Loss 

      Greene, Arin K.; Grant, Frederick D.; Maclellan, Reid A. (Wolters Kluwer Health, 2015)
      Summary: Lymphedema is the progressive enlargement of tissue due to inadequate lymphatic function. Obesity-induced lymphedema of the lower extremities can occur once a patient’s body mass index (BMI) exceeds 50. We report ...

    • Obesity-induced Upper Extremity Lymphedema 

      Greene, Arin K.; Maclellan, Reid A. (Wolters Kluwer Health, 2013)
      Summary: Obesity increases the risk of upper extremity lymphedema following treatment for breast cancer and can cause lower extremity lymphatic dysfunction in extremely obese individuals. We report the first patient with ...

    • Objective assessment of urban built environment related to physical activity — development, reliability and validity of the China Urban Built Environment Scan Tool (CUBEST) 

      Su, Meng; Du, Yu-kun; Liu, Qing-min; Ren, Yan-jun; Kawachi, Ichiro; Lv, Jun; Li, Li-ming (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Some aspects of the neighborhood built environment may influence residents’ physical activity, which in turn, affects their health. This study aimed to develop an urban built environment evaluation tool and ...

    • Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour and ankle brachial index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in older men 

      Parsons, Tessa J.; Sartini, Claudio; Ellins, Elizabeth A.; Halcox, Julian P.J.; Smith, Kirsten E.; Ash, Sarah; Lennon, Lucy T.; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Lee, I-Min; Whincup, Peter H.; Jefferis, Barbara J. (Elsevier, 2016)
      Background: Associations between bouts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiovascular disease, and their mutual independence are not well defined. A low ankle brachial index (ABI ≤0.9) indicates ...

    • Objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and subclinical vascular disease: Cross-sectional study in older British men 

      Parsons, Tessa J.; Sartini, Claudio; Ellins, Elizabeth A.; Halcox, Julian P.J.; Smith, Kirsten E.; Ash, Sarah; Lennon, Lucy T.; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Lee, I-Min; Whincup, Peter H.; Jefferis, Barbara J. (Academic Press, 2016)
      Low physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary time (ST) are associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older people. However, their independent contribution and importance of duration of PA ...

    • Observational studies analyzed like randomized experiments: an application to postmenopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease 

      Hernán, Miguel A.; Alonso, Alvaro; Logan, Roger; Grodstein, Francine; Michels, Karin B.; Stampfer, Meir; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Manson, JoAnn E.; Robins, James M. (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2008)
      Background: The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial found greater coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in women assigned to estrogen/progestin therapy than in those assigned to placebo. Observational studies had ...

    • Observational studies and the difficult quest for causality: Lessons from vaccine effectiveness and impact studies 

      Lipsitch, Marc; Jha, Ayan; Simonsen, Lone (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2016)
      Although randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT) are critical to establish efficacy of vaccines at the time of licensure, important remaining questions about vaccine effectiveness (VE) – used here to include individual-level ...

    • An observational study of the impact of service use on suicidality among adults with mental disorders 

      Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Breslau, Joshua; Miller, Matthew (Springer International Publishing, 2014)
      Background: It is unclear whether treatment of mental disorders reduces the probability that a) people without suicidal ideation will begin to contemplate suicide, or b) people who have thought about killing themselves ...

    • Obstetric Facility Quality and Newborn Mortality in Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study 

      Leslie, Hannah H.; Fink, Günther; Nsona, Humphreys; Kruk, Margaret E. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: Ending preventable newborn deaths is a global health priority, but efforts to improve coverage of maternal and newborn care have not yielded expected gains in infant survival in many settings. One possible ...

    • Obstetric Outcomes of Mothers Previously Exposed to Sexual Violence 

      Gisladottir, Agnes; Luque-Fernandez, Miguel Angel; Harlow, Bernard L.; Gudmundsdottir, Berglind; Jonsdottir, Eyrun; Bjarnadottir, Ragnheidur I.; Hauksdottir, Arna; Aspelund, Thor; Cnattingius, Sven; Valdimarsdottir, Unnur A. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: There is a scarcity of data on the association of sexual violence and women's subsequent obstetric outcomes. Our aim was to investigate whether women exposed to sexual violence as teenagers (12–19 years of age) ...

    • Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study 

      Kwon, Younghoon; Duprez, Daniel A.; Jacobs, David R.; Nagayoshi, Mako; McClelland, Robyn L.; Shahar, Eyal; Budoff, Matthew; Redline, Susan; Shea, Steven; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Lutsey, Pamela L. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014)
      Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition associated with cardiovascular disease. Its potential effect on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis ...

    • Obstructive sleep apnea and psychomotor vigilance task performance 

      Batool-Anwar, Salma; Kales, Stefanos N; Patel, Sanjay R; Varvarigou, Vasileia; DeYoung, Pamela N; Malhotra, Atul (Dove Medical Press, 2014)
      Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality. Vigilance and attentiveness are often impaired in OSA patients. In occupational medicine settings, subjective ...

    • Obstructive Sleep Apnea in North American Commercial Drivers 

      KALES, Stefanos N.; STRAUBEL, Madeleine G. (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 2014)
      The most common medical cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Specifically, among an estimated 14 million US commercial drivers, 17–28% or 2.4 to 3.9 million are expected to have ...