Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 4626-4645 of 6362

    • Polyploidy can drive rapid adaptation in yeast 

      Selmecki, Anna; Maruvka, Yosef E.; Richmond, Phillip A.; Guillet, Marie; Shoresh, Noam; Sorenson, Amber; De, Subhajyoti; Kishony, Roy; Michor, Franziska; Dowell, Robin; Pellman, David (2015)
      Polyploidy is observed across the tree of life, yet its influence on evolution remains incompletely understood1–4. Polyploidy, usually whole genome duplication (WGD), is proposed to alter the rate of evolutionary adaptation. ...

    • Polysome Profiling in Liver Identifies Dynamic Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Translatome by Obesity and Fasting 

      Fu, Suneng; Fan, Jason; Blanco, Joshua Aaron; Gimenez-Cassina, Alfredo; Danial, Nika; Watkins, Steve M.; Hotamisligil, Gökhan S. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Obesity-associated metabolic complications are generally considered to emerge from abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, whereas the status of protein metabolism is not well studied. Here, we performed ...

    • Pooled analyses of 13 prospective cohort studies on folate intake and colon cancer 

      Kim, Dong-Hyun; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.; Spiegelman, Donna; Yaun, Shiaw-Shyuan; Colditz, Graham A.; Freudenheim, Jo L.; Giovannucci, Edward; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra; Graham, Saxon; Harnack, Lisa; Jacobs, Eric J.; Leitzmann, Michael; Mannisto, Satu; Miller, Anthony B.; Potter, John D.; Rohan, Thomas E.; Schatzkin, Arthur; Speizer, Frank E.; Stevens, Victoria L.; Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael; Terry, Paul; Toniolo, Paolo; Weijenberg, Matty P.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Wolk, Alicja; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Hunter, David J. (Springer (part of Springer Nature), 2010)
      Studies of folate intake and colorectal cancer risk have been inconsistent. We examined the relation with colon cancer risk in a series of 13 prospective studies.Study- and sex-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated ...

    • A Pooled Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality among African Americans 

      Cohen, Sarah S.; Park, Yikyung; Signorello, Lisa B.; Patel, Alpa V.; Boggs, Deborah A.; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Kitahara, Cari M.; Knutsen, Synnove F.; Gillanders, Elizabeth; Monroe, Kristine R.; de Gonzalez, Amy Berrington; Bethea, Traci N.; Black, Amanda; Fraser, Gary; Gapstur, Susan; Hartge, Patricia; Matthews, Charles E.; Park, Song-Yi; Purdue, Mark P.; Singh, Pramil; Harvey, Chinonye; Blot, William J.; Palmer, Julie R. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Pooled analyses among whites and East Asians have demonstrated positive associations between all-cause mortality and body mass index (BMI), but studies of African Americans have yielded less consistent results. We examined ...

    • Pooled analysis of genetic variation at chromosome 8q24 and colorectal neoplasia risk 

      Berndt, Sonja I.; Potter, John D.; Hazra, Aditi; Yeager, Meredith; Thomas, Gilles; Makar, Karen W.; Welch, Robert; Cross, Amanda J.; Huang, Wen-Yi; Schoen, Robert E.; Giovannucci, Edward; Chan, Andrew T.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Peters, Ulrike; Hunter, David J.; Hayes, Richard B. (Oxford University Press, 2008)
      Several different genetic variants at chromosome 8q24 have been related to prostate, breast and colorectal cancer risk with evidence of region-specific risk differentials for various tumor types. We investigated the ...

    • Pooled Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pathway Variants and Risk of Prostate Cancer 

      Koutros, Stella; Schumacher, Fredrick R.; Hayes, Richard B.; Ma, Jing; Huang, Wen-Yi; Albanes, Demetrius; Canzian, Federico; Chanock, Stephen J.; Crawford, E. David; Diver, W. Ryan; Feigelson, Heather Spencer; Giovanucci, Edward; Haiman, Christopher A.; Henderson, Brian E.; Hunter, David J.; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Kraft, Peter; Marchand, Loïc Le; Riboli, Elio; Siddiq, Afshan; Stampfer, Meir; Stram, Daniel O.; Thomas, Gilles; Travis, Ruth C.; Thun, Michael J.; Yeager, Meredith; Berndt, Sonja I. (American Association for Cancer Research, 2010)
      The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates various cellular processes, including cellular proliferation and intracellular trafficking, and may affect prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we explored the association ...

    • Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake 

      Freedman, Laurence; Commins, John; Moler, James; Arab, Lenore; Baer, David; Kipnis, Victor; Midthune, Douglas; Moshfegh, Alanna; Neuhouser, Marian; Prentice, Ross; Schatzkin, Arthur; Spiegelman, Donna; Subar, Amy; Tinker, Lesley; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600 (Oxford University Press, 2014)
      We pooled data from 5 large validation studies of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as references to clarify the measurement properties of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls. ...

    • Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Potassium and Sodium Intake 

      Freedman, Laurence; Commins, John; Moler, James; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Tinker, Lesley; Subar, Amy; Spiegelman, Donna; Rhodes, Donna; Potischman, Nancy; Neuhouser, Marian; Moshfegh, Alanna; Kipnis, Victor; Arab, Lenore; Prentice, Ross (Oxford University Press, 2015)
      We pooled data from 5 large validation studies (1999-2009) of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as referents, to assess food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs). Here we ...

    • Pooled Testing for Effective Estimation of the Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni 

      Mitchell, Shira Arkin; Pagano, Marcello (The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012)
      Rapid and accurate identification of the prevalence of schistosomiasis is key for control and eradication of this devastating disease. The current screening standard for intestinal schistosomiasis is the Katz-Kato method, ...

    • Poor Immune Status and Systemic Disease Are Independently Associated with Mortality in AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma in Nigeria 

      Agaba, Patricia; Sule, Halima; Ojoh, Raphael; Saidu, Zakary; Mua’zu, Mohamed; Agbaji, Oche; Idoko, John; Ekong, Ernest; Murphy, Robert; Kanki, Phyllis Jean (BioMed Central, 2012)

    • Population attributable fraction of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma due to smoking and alcohol in Uganda 

      Okello, Samson; Churchill, Cristina; Owori, Rogers; Nasasira, Benson; Tumuhimbise, Christine; Abonga, Charles Lagoro; Mutiibwa, David; Christiani, David C.; Corey, Kathleen E. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Despite the high rates and regional variation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in East Africa, the contributions of smoking and alcohol to the ESCC burden in the general population are unknown. ...

    • Population Attributable Risk of Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer 

      Tamimi, Rulla; Spiegelman, Donna; Smith-Warner, Stephanie; Wang, Molin; Pazaris, Mathew; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Eliassen, A. Heather; Hunter, David (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      We examined the proportions of multiple types of breast cancers in the population that were attributable to established risk factors, focusing on behaviors that are modifiable at menopause. We estimated the full and partial ...

    • Population Differences in Transcript-Regulator Expression Quantitative Trait Loci 

      Bushel, Pierre R.; McGovern, Ray; Liu, Liwen; Hofmann, Oliver Marc; Huda, Ahsan; Lu, Jun; Hide, Winston; Lin, Xihong (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) are useful for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diseases. At times, a genetic variant may be associated with a master regulator involved in ...

    • Population effect of influenza vaccination under co-circulation of non-vaccine variants and the case for a bivalent A/H3N2 vaccine component 

      Worby, Colin J; Wallinga, Jacco; Lipsitch, Marc; Goldstein, Edward (Elsevier BV, 2017)

    • Population genomic datasets describing the post-vaccine evolutionary epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae 

      Croucher, Nicholas J.; Finkelstein, Jonathan A.; Pelton, Stephen I.; Parkhill, Julian; Bentley, Stephen D.; Lipsitch, Marc; Hanage, William P. (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      Streptococcus pneumoniae is common nasopharyngeal commensal bacterium and important human pathogen. Vaccines against a subset of pneumococcal antigenic diversity have reduced rates of disease, without changing the frequency ...

    • Population genomics of post-vaccine changes in pneumococcal epidemiology 

      Croucher, Nicholas J.; Finkelstein, Jonathan A.; Pelton, Stephen I.; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Lee, Grace M.; Parkhill, Julian; Bentley, Stephen D.; Hanage, William P.; Lipsitch, Marc (2013)
      Whole genome sequencing of 616 asymptomatically carried pneumococci was used to study the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Comparison of closely related isolates revealed the role of transformation ...

    • Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation 

      Menzies, Nicolas Alan; Cohen, Ted; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Murray, Megan Blanche; Salomon, Joshua A. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. The World Health Organization recommends Xpert for initial diagnosis in individuals suspected of having multidrug-resistant ...

    • Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets 

      Murray, Christopher J. L.; Lopez, Alan D.; Black, Robert; Ahuja, Ramesh; Ali, Said Mohd; Baqui, Abdullah; Dandona, Lalit; Dantzer, Emily; Das, Vinita; Dhingra, Usha; Dutta, Arup; Fawzi, Wafaie; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Gómez, Sara; Hernández, Bernardo; Joshi, Rohina; Kalter, Henry; Kumar, Aarti; Kumar, Vishwajeet; Lozano, Rafael; Lucero, Marilla; Mehta, Saurabh; Neal, Bruce; Ohno, Summer Lockett; Prasad, Rajendra; Praveen, Devarsetty; Premji, Zul; Ramírez-Villalobos, Dolores; Remolador, Hazel; Riley, Ian; Romero, Minerva; Said, Mwanaidi; Sanvictores, Diozele; Sazawal, Sunil; Tallo, Veronica (BMC, 2011)
      Background: Verbal autopsy methods are critically important for evaluating the leading causes of death in populations without adequate vital registration systems. With a myriad of analytical and data collection approaches, ...

    • Population Structure and Eigenanalysis 

      Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes; Reich, David Emil (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Current methods for inferring population structure from genetic data do not provide formal significance tests for population differentiation. We discuss an approach to studying population structure (principal components ...

    • Population Trends and Variation in Body Mass Index from 1971 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort 

      Block, Jason Perry; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata; Christakis, Nicholas Alexander; O'Malley, James James (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Objective: We examined body mass index (BMI) across place and time to determine the pattern of BMI mean and standard deviation trajectories. Methods: We included participants in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring ...