Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 3409-3428 of 6362
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Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae
(American Society for Microbiology, 2006)The bactericidal activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae toward Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase eliminated this activity. Pneumococci grown anaerobically or genetically lacking pyruvate oxidase ... -
Intergenerational impacts of maternal mortality: Qualitative findings from rural Malawi
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Maternal mortality, although largely preventable, remains unacceptably high in developing countries such as Malawi and creates a number of intergenerational impacts. Few studies have investigated the far-reaching ... -
Interim results of an ecological experiment — Conjugate vaccination against the pneumococcus and serotype replacement
(Taylor & Francis, 2016)Streptococcus pneumoniae has more than 95 serotypes, each of which presumably can cause sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, and acute otitis media. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targeted against a limited number of ... -
Interleukin-17A Mediates Acquired Immunity to Pneumococcal Colonization
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Although anticapsular antibodies confer serotype-specific immunity to pneumococci, children increase their ability to clear colonization before these antibodies appear, suggesting involvement of other mechanisms. We ... -
Interleukin-21 Is Required for the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice
(American Diabetes Association, 2009)OBJECTIVE: Interleukin (IL)-21 is a type 1 cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes via the unique biology of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain. The aim of this study was to investigate ... -
Interleukin-6 Receptor Gene, Plasma C-Reactive Protein, and Diabetes Risk in Women
(American Diabetes Association, 2009)OBJECTIVE—Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) related common variants in the interleukin-6 (Il-6) receptor (IL6R) gene to plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Because IL6R variants were previously ... -
Intermediate filaments enable pathogen docking to trigger type 3 effector translocation
(2016)Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) of bacterial pathogens translocate bacterial effector proteins that mediate disease into the eukaryotic cytosol. Effectors traverse the plasma membrane through a translocon pore formed by ... -
An International Contrast of Rates of Placental Abruption: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: Although rare, placental abruption is implicated in disproportionately high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding geographic and temporal variations may provide insights into possible amenable ... -
An International Standard Set of Patient-Centered Outcome Measures After Stroke
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015)Background and Purpose— Value-based health care aims to bring together patients and health systems to maximize the ratio of quality over cost. To enable assessment of healthcare value in stroke management, an international ... -
Interplay Between Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
(American Heart Association, 2005)Background - Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but n-6 PUFAs may compete with n-3 PUFA metabolism and attenuate benefits. Additionally, seafood-based, long-chain ... -
Interpreting Cancer Genomes Using Systematic Host Perturbations by Tumour Virus Proteins
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Genotypic differences greatly influence susceptibility and resistance to disease. Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships requires that phenotypes be viewed as manifestations of network properties, rather than simply ... -
Interpreting Expression Data with Metabolic Flux Models: Predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycolic Acid Production
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Metabolism is central to cell physiology, and metabolic disturbances play a role in numerous disease states. Despite its importance, the ability to study metabolism at a global scale using genomic technologies is limited. ... -
Intervening in global markets to improve access to HIV/AIDS treatment: an analysis of international policies and the dynamics of global antiretroviral medicines markets
(Springer Nature, 2010)Background: Universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries faces numerous challenges: increasing numbers of people needing ART, new guidelines recommending more expensive antiretroviral ... -
Intervention strategies to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases in Mexico: cost effectiveness analysis
(BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2012)Objective: To inform decision making regarding intervention strategies against non-communicable diseases in Mexico, in the context of health reform. Design Cost effectiveness analysis based on epidemiological modelling. ... -
Intervention to Lower Household Wood Smoke Exposure in Guatemala Reduces ST-Segment Depression on Electrocardiograms
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2011)Background: A large body of evidence suggests that fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a cause of cardiovascular disease, but little is known in particular about the cardiovascular effects of indoor air pollution ... -
Interventions for Children Affected by War
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2013)Background Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. To date, a range of psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric interventions has been used to ... -
Interventions to improve the rate or timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analyses of effectiveness
(International AIDS Society, 2016)Introduction: As global policy evolves toward initiating lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 count, initiating individuals newly diagnosed with HIV on ART as efficiently as possible will become increasingly ... -
Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015)The workshop entitled ‘Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?’ was held in Erice, Italy, on October 8–13, 2013, to bring together leading experts in the biology and genetics of aging and obtain a consensus ... -
Intestinal microbiome analyses identify melanoma patients at risk for checkpoint-blockade-induced colitis
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)The composition of the intestinal microbiota influences the development of inflammatory disorders. However, associating inflammatory diseases with specific microbial members of the microbiota is challenging, because ... -
Intimacy versus Isolation: A Qualitative Study of Sexual Practices among Sexually Active HIV-Infected Patients in HIV Care in Brazil, Thailand, and Zambia
(Public Library of Science, 2015)The success of global treatment as prevention (TasP) efforts for individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is dependent on successful implementation, and therefore the appropriate contribution of social and behavioral science ...