Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 3544-3563 of 6362

    • Lead Concentrations in Relation to Multiple Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: The Normative Aging Study 

      Peters, Junenette L.; Kubzansky, Laura Diane; Ikeda, Ai; Fang, Shona C.; Sparrow, David; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Wright, Robert O.; Vokonas, Pantel S; Hu, Howard; Schwartz, Joel David (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2012)
      Background: Lead exposure has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in animal and human studies. However, the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. We therefore examined the relationship between ...

    • Lead Exposure and Behavior Among Young Children in Chennai, India 

      Roy, Ananya; Bellinger, David C.; Hu, Howard; Schwartz, Joel David; Ettinger, Adrienne S; Wright, Robert O.; Bouchard, Maryse; Palaniappan, Kavitha; Balakrishnan, Kalpana (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)
      Background: Lead exposure has long been associated with deficits in IQ among children. However, few studies have assessed the impact of lead on specific domains of behavior and cognition. Objective: We evaluated the ...

    • Lead Exposure and Tremor among Older Men: The VA Normative Aging Study 

      Ji, John S.; Power, Melinda C.; Sparrow, David; Spiro, Avron; Hu, Howard; Louis, Elan D.; Weisskopf, Marc G. (NLM-Export, 2015)
      Background: Tremor is one of the most common neurological signs, yet its etiology is poorly understood. Case–control studies suggest an association between blood lead and essential tremor, and that this association is ...

    • Lead Exposure, B Vitamins, and Plasma Homocysteine in Men 55 Years of Age and Older: The VA Normative Aging Study 

      Bakulski, Kelly M.; Park, Sung Kyun; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Sparrow, David; Spiro, Avron; Vokonas, Pantel S.; Nie, Linda Huiling; Hu, Howard; Weuve, Jennifer (NLM-Export, 2014)
      Background: Lead (Pb) exposure may influence the plasma concentration of homocysteine, a one-carbon metabolite associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about the associations between ...

    • Lead Levels and Ischemic Heart Disease in a Prospective Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The VA Normative Aging Study 

      Jain, Nitin; Potula, Vijayalakshmi; Schwartz, Joel David; Vokonas, Pantel S; Sparrow, David; Wright, Robert O.; Nie, Huiling; Hu, Howard (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007)
      Background: Lead exposure has been associated with higher blood pressure, hypertension, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and increased mortality from circulatory causes.Objective We assessed the association between bone ...

    • Lead, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Renal Function: The Normative Aging Study 

      Tsaih, Shirng-Wern; Korrick, Susan Abigail; Schwartz, Joel David; Amarasiriwardena, Chitra J.; Aro, Antonio; Sparrow, David; Hu, Howard (National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, 2004)
      In this prospective study, we examined changes in renal function during 6 years of follow-up in relation to baseline lead levels, diabetes, and hypertension among 448 middle-age and elderly men, a subsample of the Normative ...

    • Lead-Related Genetic Loci, Cumulative Lead Exposure and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: The Normative Aging Study 

      Ding, Ning; Wang, Xin; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Sparrow, David; Schwartz, Joel; Hu, Howard; Park, Sung Kyun (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: Cumulative exposure to lead is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Polymorphisms in the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), hemochromatosis (HFE), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), vitamin D receptor (VDR), ...

    • Leaderless Transcripts and Small Proteins Are Common Features of the Mycobacterial Translational Landscape 

      Shell, Scarlet S.; Wang, Jing; Lapierre, Pascal; Mir, Mushtaq; Chase, Michael R.; Pyle, Margaret M.; Gawande, Richa; Ahmad, Rushdy; Sarracino, David A.; Ioerger, Thomas R.; Fortune, Sarah M.; Derbyshire, Keith M.; Wade, Joseph T.; Gray, Todd A. (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      RNA-seq technologies have provided significant insight into the transcription networks of mycobacteria. However, such studies provide no definitive information on the translational landscape. Here, we use a combination of ...

    • Lean Body Mass, Interleukin 18, and Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently Healthy Chinese 

      Sun, Liang; Hu, Frank B.; Yu, Zhijie; Li, Huaixing; Liu, Huaiyu; Wang, Xiangdong; Yu, Danxia; Wu, Hongyu; Zhang, Geng; Zong, Geng; Liu, Yong; Lin, Xu; Herder, Christian (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Objective: We aimed to investigate how lean body mass is related to circulating Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among apparently healthy Chinese.Methods: A population-based sample ...

    • Learning before leaping: integration of an adaptive study design process prior to initiation of BetterBirth, a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Uttar Pradesh, India 

      Hirschhorn, Lisa Ruth; Semrau, Katherine; Kodkany, Bhala; Churchill, Robyn; Kapoor, Atul; Spector, Jonathan; Ringer, Steve; Firestone, Rebecca; Kumar, Vishwajeet; Gawande, Atul (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Pragmatic and adaptive trial designs are increasingly used in quality improvement (QI) interventions to provide the strongest evidence for effective implementation and impact prior to broader scale-up. We ...

    • Legal Disputes over Duties to Disclose Treatment Risks to Patients: A Review of Negligence Claims and Complaints in Australia 

      Bismark, Marie M.; Gogos, Andrew J.; Clark, Richard B.; Gruen, Russell L.; Gawande, Atul Atmaram; Studdert, David Michael (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      David Studdert and colleagues identified disputes over informed consent among malpractice claims and serious health care complaints in Australia and provide an analysis of disagreements between patients and doctors over ...

    • Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Falls, and Fall Injuries in Middle-Aged Adults 

      Caban-Martinez, Alberto; Courtney, Theodore K.; Chang, Wen-Ruey; Lombardi, David A.; Huang, Yueng-Hsiang; Brennan, Melanye J.; Perry, Melissa; Katz, Jeffrey Neil; Christiani, David Christopher; Verma, Santosh K. (Elsevier BV, 2015)
      Introduction: Although exercise and strength training have been shown to be protective against falls in older adults (aged 65 years and older), evidence for the role of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in the prevention ...

    • Length of secondary schooling and risk of HIV infection in Botswana: evidence from a natural experiment 

      de Neve, Jan-Walter J.l.m.; Fink, Gunther; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata; Moyo, Sikhulile; Bor, Jacob (Elsevier BV, 2015)
      Background: An estimated 2·1 million individuals are newly infected with HIV every year. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported conflicting evidence for the association between education and HIV risk, and ...

    • Leptin Deficiency Shifts Mast Cells toward Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Protects Mice from Obesity and Diabetes by Polarizing M2 Macrophages 

      Zhou, Yi; Yu, Xueqing; Chen, Huimei; Sjöberg, Sara; Roux, Joséphine; Zhang, Lijun; Ivoulsou, Al-Habib; Bensaid, Farid; Liu, Jian; Tordjman, Joan; Clement, Karine; Lee, Chih-Hao; Libby, Peter; Shi, Guo-Ping; Hotamisligil, Gokhan; Liu, Conglin (Elsevier BV, 2015-12)
      Mast cells (MCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. This study demonstrates that leptin deficiency slants MCs toward anti-inflammatory functions. MCs in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of lean humans ...

    • Lessons from Early Medicaid Expansions Under Health Reform: Interviews with Medicaid Officials 

      Sommers, Benjamin Daniel; Arntson, Emily Kathryn; Kenney, Genevieve; Epstein, Arnold M. (Office of Research, Development and Information (ORDI), 2013)
      Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) dramatically expands Medicaid in 2014 in participating states. Meanwhile, six states have already expanded Medicaid since 2010 to some or all of the low-income adults targeted under ...

    • Lessons to be Learned from Natural Control of HIV – Future Directions, Therapeutic, and Preventive Implications 

      Shasha, David; Walker, Bruce D. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)
      Accumulating data generated from persons who naturally control HIV without the need for antiretroviral treatment has led to significant insights into the possible mechanisms of durable control of AIDS virus infection. At ...

    • Leucocyte telomere length, genetic variants at the TERT gene region and risk of pancreatic cancer 

      Bao, Ying; Prescott, Jennifer; Yuan, Chen; Zhang, Mingfeng; Kraft, Peter; Babic, Ana; Morales-Oyarvide, Vicente; Qian, Zhi Rong; Buring, Julie E.; Cochrane, Barbara B.; Gaziano, J. Michael; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Ng, Kimmie; Ogino, Shuji; Rohan, Thomas E.; Sesso, Howard D.; Stampfer, Meir; Fuchs, Charles S.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Amundadottir, Laufey T.; Wolpin, Brian M. (BMJ Publishing Group, 2017)
      Objective Telomere shortening occurs as an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis, and genetic variants at the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene region have been associated with pancreatic cancer risk. However, ...

    • Leukocyte DNA as Surrogate for the Evaluation of Imprinted Loci Methylation in Mammary Tissue DNA 

      Barault, Ludovic; Ellsworth, Rachel E.; Harris, Holly Ruth; Valente, Allyson L.; Shriver, Craig D.; Michels, Karin B. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      There is growing interest in identifying surrogate tissues to identify epimutations in cancer patients since primary target tissues are often difficult to obtain. Methylation patterns at imprinted loci are established ...

    • Leukocyte lipid bodies — Biogenesis and functions in inflammation 

      Bozza, Patricia T.; Magalhães, Kelly G.; Weller, Peter Fahey (Elsevier BV, 2009)
      Lipid body accumulation within leukocytes is a common feature in both clinical and experimental infectious, neoplasic and other inflammatory conditions. Here, we will review the contemporary evidence related to the biogenesis ...

    • Leukocyte lipid bodies: inflammation-related organelles are rapidly detected by wet scanning electron microscopy 

      Melo, R. C. N.; Sabban, A.; Weller, Peter Fahey (American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB), 2006)
      Leukocyte lipid bodies are dynamic, functionally active organelles with central roles in inflammation. Here, we report that leukocyte lipid bodies are facilely detected by a versatile, potent technique, termed wet scanning ...