Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 5021-5040 of 6362
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Quality of life, psychosocial health, and antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive women in Zimbabwe
(Informa UK Limited, 2009)Little is known about the psychosocial impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe to assess the impact of ART on HIV-positive women's ... -
Quality of Medical Training and Emigration of Physicians from India
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: Physician 'brain drain' negatively impacts health care delivery. Interventions to address physician emigration have been constrained by lack of research on systematic factors that influence physician migration. ... -
Quantifying bias of COVID-19 prevalence and severity estimates in Wuhan, China that depend on reported cases in international travelers
(2020-02-14)Risk of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan has been estimated using imported case counts of international travelers, often under the assumption that all cases in travelers are ascertained. Recent work indicates variation among ... -
Quantifying Child Mortality Reductions Related to Measles Vaccination
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: This study characterizes the historical relationship between coverage of measles containing vaccines (MCV) and mortality in children under 5 years, with a view toward ongoing global efforts to reduce child ... -
Quantifying Genetic Effects on Disease Mediated by Assayed Gene Expression Levels
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-05-18)Disease variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) tend to overlap with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), but it remains unclear whether this overlap is driven by gene expression levels ‘mediating’ ... -
Quantifying Geographic Variation in Health Care Outcomes in the United States before and after Risk-Adjustment
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Despite numerous studies of geographic variation in healthcare cost and utilization at the local, regional, and state levels across the U.S., a comprehensive characterization of geographic variation in outcomes ... -
Quantifying Interhospital Patient Sharing as a Mechanism for Infectious Disease Spread
(Cambridge University Press, 2010)BACKGROUND. Assessments of infectious disease spread in hospitals seldom account for interfacility patient sharing. This is particularly important for pathogens with prolonged incubation periods or carrier states.METHODS. ... -
Quantifying Missing Heritability at Known GWAS Loci
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Recent work has shown that much of the missing heritability of complex traits can be resolved by estimates of heritability explained by all genotyped SNPs. However, it is currently unknown how much heritability is missing ... -
Quantifying Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Effects in Clustering of Behaviour-Related Risk Factors: A Multilevel Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: The extent to which neighbourhood characteristics explain accumulation of health behaviours is poorly understood. We examined whether neighbourhood disadvantage was associated with co-occurrence of behaviour-related ... -
Quantifying Risk Over the Life Course – Latency, Age-Related Susceptibility, and Other Time-Varying Exposure Metrics
(Wiley, 2016)Identification of the latency period and age-related susceptibility, if any, is an important aspect of assessing risks of environmental, nutritional, and occupational exposures. We consider estimation and inference for ... -
Quantifying the Role of Adverse Events in the Mortality Difference between First and Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Observational studies have reported higher mortality among older adults treated with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) versus second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). A few studies examined risk for medical ... -
Quantifying travel behavior for infectious disease research: a comparison of data from surveys and mobile phones
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014)Human travel impacts the spread of infectious diseases across spatial and temporal scales, with broad implications for the biological and social sciences. Individual data on travel patterns have been difficult to obtain, ... -
Quantifying underreporting of law-enforcement-related deaths in United States vital statistics and news-media-based data sources: A capture–recapture analysis
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017)Background Prior research suggests that United States governmental sources documenting the number of law-enforcement-related deaths (i.e., fatalities due to injuries inflicted by law enforcement officers) undercount ... -
Quantifying Word Use to Study Health Literacy in Doctor–Patient Communication
(Informa UK Limited, 2010)Most health literacy research to date has assessed health literacy using either general reading tests or text-based appraisals of reading and numeracy skills, yet the definition of health literacy includes domains beyond ... -
Quantile Regression Analysis of the Distributional Effects of Air Pollution on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Lipids, and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Elderly American Men: The Normative Aging Study
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2016)Background: Previous studies have observed associations between air pollution and heart disease. Susceptibility to air pollution effects has been examined mostly with a test of effect modification, but little evidence is ... -
Quantitative Analysis of Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues in Foods: Implication for Dietary Exposures
(American Chemical Society, 2014)This study quantitatively measured neonicotinoids in various foods that are common to human consumption. All fruit and vegetable samples (except nectarine and tomato) and 90% of honey samples were detected positive for at ... -
Quantitative and functional interrogation of parent-of-origin allelic expression biases in the brain
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2015)The maternal and paternal genomes play different roles in mammalian brains as a result of genomic imprinting, an epigenetic regulation leading to differential expression of the parental alleles of some genes. Here we ... -
Quantitative Assessment of Airborne Exposures Generated during Common Cleaning Tasks: A Pilot Study
(BioMed Central, 2010)Background: A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between exposure to cleaning products with asthma and other respiratory disorders. Thus far, these studies have conducted only limited quantitative ... -
A quantitative assessment of termination of sexual violence-related pregnancies in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Sexual violence is prevalent in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and has resulted in sexual violence-related pregnancies (SVRPs). Despite restrictive laws, women may seek to terminate SVRPs; however, ...