Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 5893-5912 of 6362
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Time trends in mortality associated with depression: findings from the Stirling County study
(2010)OBJECTIVE: to address the question of whether a mortality risk associated with depression in a 1952 representative sample of Stirling County adults changed in a new sample in 1970, and whether there was a change in ... -
Time Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Asthma Prevalence in the United States From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Study (1999–2011)
(, 2015)Objectives. We examined whether racial/ethnic disparities in the United States increased over time.Methods. We analyzed data from 3 868 956 adults across the United States from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ... -
Time trends of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV infected children enrolled in care and treatment service in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2015)Background Few studies have described time-based trends of clinical and demographic characteristics of children enrolling in HIV and AIDS care and treatment services. We present findings of a study that explored time-based ... -
Time trends of physical activity and television viewing time in Brazil: 2006-2012
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Despite recent advances in surveillance of physical activity, data on time trends of physical activity in low and middle-income countries are lacking. This study describes time trends in physical activity and ... -
Time-Dependent Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up in a Large HIV Treatment Cohort in Nigeria
(Oxford University Press, 2014)Background: Most evaluations of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment programs focus on baseline predictors, prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. As risk of LTFU is a continuous ... -
Time-Dependent Propensity Score for Assessing the Effect of Vaccine Exposure on Pregnancy Outcomes through Pregnancy Exposure Cohort Studies
(Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), 2014)Women are advised to be vaccinated for influenza during pregnancy and may receive vaccine at any time during their pregnancy. In observational studies evaluating vaccine safety in pregnancy, to account for such time-varying ... -
Time-to-event versus ten-year-absolute-risk in cardiovascular risk prevention – does it make a difference? Results from the Optimizing-Risk-Communication (OptRisk) randomized-controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The concept of shared-decision-making is a well-established approach to increase the participation of patients in medical decisions. Using lifetime risk or time-to-event (TTE) formats has been increasingly ... -
Timing Constraints of In Vivo Gag Mutations during Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Background: Aiming to answer the broad question “When does mutation occur?” this study examined the time of appearance, dominance, and completeness of in vivo Gag mutations in primary HIV-1 subtype C infection. Methods: A ... -
Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and infant survival: prospective analysis of pooled data from three randomised trials
(Elsevier, 2016)Abstract BACKGROUND: Although the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for child health and survival, particularly in the post-neonatal period, are established, the independent beneficial effect of early breastfeeding ... -
Timing of Onset of Cognitive Decline: Results from Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study
(BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2012)Objectives: To estimate 10 year decline in cognitive function from longitudinal data in a middle aged cohort and to examine whether age cohorts can be compared with cross sectional data to infer the effect of age on cognitive ... -
TLR7/9 Antagonist Reduces HIV-1-Induced Immune Activation
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TNF Drives Monocyte Dysfunction with Age and Results in Impaired Anti-pneumococcal Immunity
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Monocyte phenotype and output changes with age, but why this occurs and how it impacts anti-bacterial immunity are not clear. We found that, in both humans and mice, circulating monocyte phenotype and function was altered ... -
TNF-α/IL-10 Ratio Correlates with Burn Severity and May Serve as a Risk Predictor of Increased Susceptibility to Infections
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)Severe burn injury renders patients susceptible to multiple infection episodes; however, identifying specific patient groups at high risk remains challenging. Burn-induced inflammatory response dramatically modifies the ... -
To investigate the prevention of OM-85 on bronchiectasis exacerbations (iPROBE) in Chinese patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is characterized by the irreversible dilatation of the medium-sized bronchi as a result of airway injury from recurrent or chronic inflammation and lower respiratory tract ... -
To Regulate or Not to Regulate? Views on Electronic Cigarette Regulations and Beliefs about the Reasons for and against Regulation
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2016)Background: Policies designed to restrict marketing, access to, and public use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly under debate in various jurisdictions in the US. Little is known about public perceptions ... -
Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Background: Tobacco smoking, passive smoking, and indoor air pollution from biomass fuels have been implicated as risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, and death. Tobacco smoking and indoor air pollution ... -
Tobacco smoking as a risk factor of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung: pooled analysis of seven case–control studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO)
(Springer Netherlands, 2010)Background: The International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) was established in 2004, based on the collaboration of research groups leading large molecular epidemiology studies of lung cancer that are ongoing or have been ... -
Tobacco smoking, polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism enzyme genes, and risk of localized and advanced prostate cancer: results from the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014)The relationship between tobacco smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between tobacco smoking and PCa risk taking into account polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism ... -
Tobacco taxation: the importance of earmarking the revenue to health care and tobacco control
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Increases in tobacco taxation are acknowledged to be one of the most effective tobacco control interventions. This study aimed at determining the mediating role of socioeconomical status (SES) and the earmarking ... -
Tobacco Use among Students Aged 13–15 Years in Greece: the GYTS Project
(BioMed Central, 2007)Background: Data on the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers in Greece are limited. We examined the prevalence of smoking among middle-school students in Greece using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Methods: ...