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Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rate estimates from different lineages predict substantial differences in the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis
(2013)
A critical question in tuberculosis control is why some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are preferentially associated with multiple drug resistances. We demonstrate that M. tuberculosis strains from Lineage 2 (East ...
Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico
(Public Library of Science, 2009)
Background: An accurate estimate of the total number of cases and severity of illness of an emerging infectious disease is required both to define the burden of the epidemic and to determine the severity of disease. When ...
Antiviral Resistance and the Control of Pandemic Influenza
(Public Library of Science, 2007)
Background: The response to the next influenza pandemic will likely include extensive use of antiviral drugs (mainly oseltamivir), combined with other transmission-reducing measures. Animal and in vitro studies suggest ...
What is the Mechanism for Persistent Coexistence of Drug-susceptible and Drug-resistant Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
(The Royal Society, 2009)
The rise of antimicrobial resistance in many pathogens presents a major challenge to the treatment and control of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the observation that drug-resistant strains have risen to substantial ...
Origin and Proliferation of Multiple-Drug Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens
(American Society for Microbiology, 2015)
SUMMARY: Many studies report the high prevalence of multiply drug-resistant (MDR) strains. Because MDR infections are often significantly harder and more expensive to treat, they represent a growing public health threat. ...
How could preventive therapy affect the prevalence of drug resistance? Causes and consequences
(The Royal Society, 2015)
Various forms of preventive and prophylactic antimicrobial therapies have been proposed to combat HIV (e.g. pre-exposure prophylaxis), tuberculosis (e.g. isoniazid preventive therapy) and malaria (e.g. intermittent preventive ...
Seasonality of Antibiotic‐Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae That Causes Acute Otitis Media: A Clue for an Antibiotic‐Restriction Policy?
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2008)
Background: It is unclear whether reducing antibiotic prescriptions can reduce rates of resistance once resistance becomes prevalent. We attempted to determine whether reduced antibiotic consumption, which is observed ...
No coexistence for free: Neutral null models for multistrain pathogens
(Elsevier BV, 2009)
In most pathogens, multiple strains are maintained within host populations. Quantifying the mechanisms underlying strain coexistence would aid public health planning and improve understanding of disease dynamics. We argue ...
Too Little of a Good Thing
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2008)
Epidemic theory dictates that a reduction in the force of infection by a pathogen is associated with an increase in the average age at which individuals are exposed. For those pathogens that cause more severe disease among ...
Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2010)
Noncausal associations between exposures and outcomes are a threat to validity of causal inference in observational studies. Many techniques have been developed for study design and analysis to identify and eliminate such ...