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Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
A “risk of harm” protocol to identify youth in need of immediate emergency assistance in a study on mental health and HIV in Rwanda among 680 youth ages 10–17 is described. Cases are presented that describe the experience ...
Geographical Inequalities and Social and Environmental Risk Factors for Under-Five Mortality in Ghana in 2000 and 2010: Bayesian Spatial Analysis of Census Data
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: Under-five mortality is declining in Ghana and many other countries. Very few studies have measured under-five mortality—and its social and environmental risk factors—at fine spatial resolutions, which is ...
The Impact of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mortality in Brazil
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: Trends in food availability and metabolic risk factors in Brazil suggest a shift toward unhealthy dietary patterns and increased cardiometabolic disease risk, yet little is known about the impact of dietary and ...
Body Mass Index and Decline of Cognitive Function
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function is a public health issue. This study investigated the relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment which was assessed by the Korean ...
Validity of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Non-Smoking Adult Public Housing Residents
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Introduction: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in public multi-unit housing (MUH) is of concern. However, the validity of self-reports for determining TSE among non-smoking residents in such housing is unclear. Methods: We ...
A Screening Tool for Assessing Alcohol Use Risk among Medically Vulnerable Youth
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: In an effort to reduce barriers to screening for alcohol use in pediatric primary care, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) developed a two-question Youth Alcohol Screening Tool derived ...
Obstetric Facility Quality and Newborn Mortality in Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: Ending preventable newborn deaths is a global health priority, but efforts to improve coverage of maternal and newborn care have not yielded expected gains in infant survival in many settings. One possible ...
Economic Benefits of Investing in Women’s Health: A Systematic Review
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Background: Globally, the status of women’s health falls short of its potential. In addition to the deleterious ethical and human rights implications of this deficit, the negative economic impact may also be consequential, ...