Methods and Baseline Characteristics of Two Group-Randomized Trials With Multiracial and Multiethnic Working-class Samples

Abstract

Introduction: Few papers address the methodological challenges in recruiting participants for studies of cancer prevention interventions designed for multiracial and multiethnic working-class populations. This paper reports the results of the sample selection and survey methods for two group-randomized intervention studies. Methods: The two group-randomized intervention studies, Healthy Directions–Small Business (HD–SB) and Healthy Directions–Health Centers (HD–HC), included a worksite-based study in 26 small manufacturing businesses and a study in 10 outpatient health centers. We used selection and recruitment methods to obtain a multiracial and multiethnic working-class study sample. In 2000 and 2001, we assessed baseline measures of sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral outcomes by self-report. We then computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Of the 1740 participants in the HD–SB study, 68% were non-Hispanic whites, and 76% had working-class occupations. In the HD–HC study, 59% of 2219 participants were non-Hispanic whites. Among those who worked, 51% had working-class occupations. Large percentages of both samples reported not meeting recommended guidelines for the target behaviors. For example, 86% of members of both samples consumed fewer than the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. The ICCs for the four target behaviors in HD–SB were between 0.006 and 0.02. In the HD–HC study, the ICCs ranged from 0.0004 to 0.003. Conclusion: The two studies were successful in recruiting multiracial and multiethnic working-class participants. Researchers will find the estimates of the primary outcomes and their ICCs useful for planning future studies.