The oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere regulates both the longwave and shortwave radiation budgets holding our planet in equilibrium. As planetary conditions continue to shi , insights into the oxidation pathways determining ...

Many applications in photonics rely on the ability to confine light in small volumes. This is commonly achieved by utilizing two or more materials with a large refractive index contrast, such as silicon and silicon dioxide, ...

Nature constructs structurally diverse, bioactive molecules using enzymes. Many enzymes catalyze synthetically challenging reactions under mild, physiological conditions. Consequently, they have long been a source of ...

Robust and efficient catalysts are necessary for realizing chemical energy storage as a solution for the intermittency associated with renewable energy sources. To aid in the development of such catalysts, physical methods ...

The consortium of microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, our gut microbiota, has an extensive set of metabolic capabilities that directly influence human health. Over the past decade, DNA sequencing ...

Metabolic tumor profiling illustrates the spatiotemporal distribution of key analytes to assess and quantify tumor growth, metabolism, and response to therapy. Since the tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, ...

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression and mediate interactions between genetic factors and environmental exposures. The enzymes responsible for epigenetic regulation may thus be important therapeutic targets for ...

The capability to transmit information from generation to generation is an essential feature of life. In all terrestrial life, DNA and RNA contain information in the form of a sequence of monomers and are copied in every ...

Mechanical forces in the cell’s natural environment have a crucial impact on growth and behavior, from single-cell gene expression and cell division to the spatial patterning of complex organ architectures. Few areas of ...

Nature demonstrates the efficiency of hierarchically integrated components that work in cooperation to produce a variety of useful phenomena in organisms, such as movement or shape change. A key feature of these components ...