The gastrointestinal tract, home to a vast number of bacteria, requires finely-tuned regulatory and effector immune mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and tolerance. In a large-scale screen, we studied the impacts of single ...

The control of respiration and body temperature involves neural circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT), though it is unclear precisely which serotonergic neurons are critical to ...

Efficient skeletal muscle regeneration requires the accumulation of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Muscle Tregs have a transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire distinct from Tregs found in other tissues. The ...

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with differences in histopathological and biological characteristics, variable prognoses, and response to therapy. Clinically, breast tumors are classified based on the ...

The complex and sophisticated neocortical circuits that mediate higher-order brain functions are assembled from an extraordinary variety of neuronal subtypes, each with distinct morphologies, output connectivity, and ...

Type 2 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (PI5P4K) converts phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Mammals have three genes, PIP4K2A, PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C that encode the enzymes ...

Mutations in several genes that encode centrosomal proteins dramatically decrease the size of the human brain, which is the largest in the primate lineage, but how the proteins encoded by these microcephaly (‘small brain’) ...

The congenital myopathies are a diverse group of inherited neuromuscular disorders that manifest as skeletal muscle weakness at birth or in infancy, and are classically defined by the predominant morphological features ...

Inhibitory interneurons regulate experience-dependent plasticity across brain regions. Perisomatic inhibition by fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive basket cells (PV-cells) is central to these processes, but which synapses ...

Embryonic development is orchestrated by relatively few conserved core developmental signaling pathways that are used reiteratively to grow, specify and shape all tissues in the body into their final functional forms. The ...