CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are unique in that the majority of Tregs constitutively express high levels of CD25, the main ligand binding subunit of the IL-2 receptor. Germline knockout models demonstrate that ...

Innate immunity plays a critical role as an initial barrier to infection. In addition, innate immunity can serve to shape and regulate adaptive immune responses. Therefore, investigating the integration of innate and ...

Cleft lip and/or palates (CL/P) are common congenital malformations, and mutations in the transcription factor IRF6 are the most significant genetic contributors to cleft pathogenesis. IRF6 is a master regulator of epithelial ...

Listening to one sound source among many (‘the cocktail party problem’) is particularly difficult when competing sources are similar and change over time. Such sources may not have consistent features (e.g., high vs. low ...

Transcriptional control is critical to the proper functioning of cells, their growth, differentiation, and survival. Because genomic and epigenomic alterations can deregulate transcription and promote an oncogenic state, ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide killing over one million people each year. With the advent of targeted therapies, overall survival rates have improved for a subset of lung cancer patients including ...

In the last few years, high-resolution sequencing data has enabled the discovery of thousands of novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Increasing numbers of mammalian lncRNAs are known to play fundamental roles in various ...

Genomic characterization of human cancers over the past decade has generated comprehensive catalogues of genetic alterations in cancer genomes. Many of these genetic events result in molecular or cellular changes that drive ...

Acquired drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted therapies remains a major clinical challenge. In EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), therapeutic failure of EGFR TKIs can result from both ...

Viral fusion proteins (VFPs) are membrane-anchored machines that coat the surfaces of enveloped viruses and induce the fusion of virus and cell membranes. While enveloped viruses are evolutionarily diverse, their fusion ...