Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the majority of diagnosed cases of lung cancer. Mutant KRAS is found in about 25% of all NSCLC and has proved ...

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with differences in histopathological and biological characteristics, variable prognoses, and response to therapy. Clinically, breast tumors are classified based on the ...

Cleft lip and/or palates (CL/P) are common congenital malformations, and mutations in the transcription factor IRF6 are the most significant genetic contributors to cleft pathogenesis. IRF6 is a master regulator of epithelial ...

Embryonic development is orchestrated by relatively few conserved core developmental signaling pathways that are used reiteratively to grow, specify and shape all tissues in the body into their final functional forms. The ...

The RAS family of genes are among the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers, including nearly all pancreatic cancers, ~40% of colorectal cancers, and ~30% of lung cancers. Although most RAS-mutant cancers depend ...

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, having not only several intrinsic sub-types but also significant sub-clonal heterogeneity within tumors. Intra-tumor heterogeneity can have profound impact on tumor evolution, ...

Enhancers are cis regulatory elements that play key roles in the control of cell-type specific gene expression programs. In cancer, enhancer deregulation plays a key role in maintaining gene regulatory programs that underlie ...

The ubiquitin-proteasome system was initially discovered in reticulocytes, which undergo massive and rapid proteome remodeling. During terminal differentiation, hundreds of generic constituents of the cell undergo programmed ...

Mitochondria are crucial to the cell and perform numerous functions including generating cellular ATP, buffering calcium, and creating macromolecules. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and as such, cannot be synthesized ...

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of multiple chemotherapeutic agents for which there are currently no prevention strategies. The widely used chemotherapeutic paclitaxel ...