Despite the dramatic clinical success of cancer immunotherapy with PD-1 checkpoint blockade, most patients do not experience sustained clinical benefit from treatment, suggesting that additional therapeutic strategies are ...

The gastrointestinal tract, home to a vast number of bacteria, requires finely-tuned regulatory and effector immune mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and tolerance. In a large-scale screen, we studied the impacts of single ...

T cells provide antigen-specific immunity to pathogens, but are also capable of inducing destructive autoimmunity when responding to self antigens. In order to achieve full activation, T cells must receive two signals: ...

CD8+ T cells are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system and are required for optimal protection from most pathogens and cancer. They function by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and by directly eliminating ...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathways can deliver durable anti-tumor effects. However, a major fraction of metastatic cancer ...

Insects are vectors for human disease and also play a critical role in agriculture. Like humans, insects encounter pathogens such as viruses. Despite having a profound impact on our lives, much has yet to be discovered ...

A fundamental question in biology is to decipher how the same genomic information in an organism can give rise to diverse cellular states that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. Epigenetic mechanisms utilize ...

During the 1918 influenza pandemic, children experienced significantly lower mortality compared to adults, with the onset of puberty marking a transition to greater disease susceptibility. To explore the mechanisms that ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that act as first-line defenders against intracellular pathogens. Their functions are dictated by germline-encoded activating and inhibitory ...

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process that relies heavily on the immune system. Efficient regeneration post-acute injury requires both F4/80+ macrophages (MFs) and CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) ...