Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is essential for faithful cellular specification during embryonic development. Directed differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which maintain the ability ...

The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a vital role in the spatial-temporal organization of subcellular cargo required to maintain homeostasis and direct cell division. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are opposite-polarity, ...

The choroid plexus is an organ within each brain ventricle comprised of elaborate folds of epithelium (CPe) and vasculature. It performs numerous functions essential for brain development and health, including secretion ...

Topical antigen (Ag) application mimics natural Ag exposure across the skin. Soluble Ag introduced through this route requires cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) to generate CD8 T cell responses, including skin-homing ...

Low speed avian maneuvering flight is an ecologically crucial behavior that has contributed to the explosive diversification of several avian taxa by allowing access to complex spatial environments. Negotiating a sharp ...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important regulators of genomic processes and cellular specification. Many lncRNAs regulate chromatin by functionally impacting the epigenetic state through ...

The circadian timing system establishes daily rhythms in behavior and physiology throughout the body, ensuring that functions like activity, sleep and hormone release are appropriately timed. Research suggests that his ...

The Proopiomelanocortin gene, (POMC), produces many biologically active peptides including the endogenous opioid, β-endorphin, and the melanocortins: α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, (αMSH), γMSH, ...

TNF is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the acute phase response to infection, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. TNF gene ...

Morbidity and mortality attributable to asthma arise mainly from contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and resulting bronchospasm. Bronchospasm that is induced in the laboratory is easily reversed by a spontaneous deep ...