Topical antigen (Ag) application mimics natural Ag exposure across the skin. Soluble Ag introduced through this route requires cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) to generate CD8 T cell responses, including skin-homing ...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, affecting over 30 million people worldwide. It is characterized by the appearance of insoluble deposits known as drusen in the ...

Regulatory T cells represent a specialized subpopulation of T lymphocytes that may modulate spontaneous HIV-1 disease progression by suppressing immune activation or inhibiting antiviral T cell immune responses. While ...

Energy metabolism plays a vital role in normal physiology, adaptive responses and host defense mechanisms. Research throughout the last decade has shown evidence that immune pathways communicate with metabolic pathways to ...

The major histocompatibility complex region (MHC) is a multi gene family present in all jawed vertebrates, with a fundamental role in vertebrate immunity. More than two decades of studies have resulted in the characterization ...

Antibodies are the defining characteristic of the humoral immune response. Their functions are diverse, including direct neutralization of pathogens and recruitment of other immune molecules or cells. While most successful ...

Nearly a century and a half after the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), TB remains the leading cause of death from a single bacterial infection globally. While treatable ...

Cells require several epigenetic programs for development and differentiation, maintenance of homeostasis, and response to environmental stimuli. Dysregulation of these processes can result in developmental disorders, ...

Immunometabolism describes the interface between immune cell function and metabolism. This interplay is governed by both cell-intrinsic metabolic programs that shape immune cell function, as well as environmental metabolites ...

Inflammasomes are germline-encoded cytosolic surveillance complexes that respond to a diverse array of intracellular threats including pathogens and sterile damage. Signaling through the inflammasome pathway usually induces ...