TNF is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the acute phase response to infection, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. TNF gene ...

Synthetic biology aims to engineer biological systems to meet new challenges and teach us more about natural biological systems. These pursuits range from the building of relatively simple transcriptional circuits, to ...

The advancement of high-throughput, large-scale biochemical, biophysical, and genetic technologies has enabled the generation of massive amounts of biological data and allowed us to synthesize various types of biomaterial ...

The ability to introduce targeted modifications into genomes and engineer model organisms holds enormous promise for biomedical and technological applications, and has driven the development of tools such as zinc finger ...

Resolving the genetic and mechanistic bases of complex biological behaviors remains a central challenge in the post-genomic era. Among these is the emergence of interspecies cooperation, a feature common across levels of ...

Faced with an environment of constantly changing nutrient availability, mammals have adapted complex homeostatic mechanisms to maintain energy balance. Deviations from this balance are largely corrected through a concerted, ...

Oncogenic activating mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), are highly prevalent in breast cancer. The protein kinase Akt is considered to be the primary effector ...

The effect of a single genetic mutation can vary greatly between different types of cells. The mutated gene may not be expressed in one tissue but may cause a devastating loss of function in another. To learn about disease ...

The liver maintains energy substrate homeostasis by synchronizing circadian or diurnal expression of metabolic genes with the feeding/fasting state. The activities of hepatic de novo lipogenic gene products peak during ...

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of biological diversity and a crucial determinant of cell fate and identity. Characterizing the role of AS regulatory networks in physiological and pathological processes remains ...