A major aim of neuroscience is understanding the brain circuitry underlying observable behaviors. Recently, an increasing number of tools have allowed researchers to investigate brain circuitry in unprecedented ways. ...

Development of the retina requires precise production of more than 100 neuronal subtypes. How does such diversity emerge during development at the perfect time and place to create functional circuitry? Recent molecular ...

Some of the most important sounds humans hear, including speech and music, can be defined in part by their pitch. Acoustically, sounds said to have pitch have a regular rate of repetition in time – called the fundamental ...

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is the primary source of parasympathetic input to the digestive system and innervates many digestive organs. However, its organizational principles are poorly understood and it’s ...

Pyramidal neurons receive, process, and store information in their apical and basal dendrites by integrating thousands of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Dendritic inhibition is mediated by somatostatin-expressing (SST) ...

A fundamental challenge of visual cortical neuroscience is to understand how sensory representations are transformed within and across layers of primary visual cortex (V1). Visual signals are thought to propagate in a ...

As animals forage for food and water, a key decision they need to make is when to abandon a depleting resource to search elsewhere in the environment. The Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) provides a normative framework for ...

The cerebellum is a brain structure important for motor, social and cognitive behaviors. Its main processing unit, the cerebellar cortex, has a simple circuit thought to be composed of few cell types that repeats through ...

The motor system has the incredibly ability to learn complex movements which require fine control and coordinated timing of numerous joints and limbs. The study of motor learning and motor control has traditionally studied ...

Our perception of sounds is so much more than a mere summation of acoustic waves entering our ear. It is well established that the auditory nerve and brainstem faithfully track rapidly changing vibration patterns in the ...