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In Vivo Genetic Screening to Identify Mechanisms of Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy
(2017-10-10)
Despite the dramatic clinical success of cancer immunotherapy with PD-1 checkpoint blockade, most patients do not experience sustained clinical benefit from treatment, suggesting that additional therapeutic strategies are ...
Individual Microbes Shape Various Parts of the Immune System
(2015-09-22)
The gastrointestinal tract, home to a vast number of bacteria, requires finely-tuned regulatory and effector immune mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and tolerance. In a large-scale screen, we studied the impacts of single ...
Interplay of Dengue Virus and the Human Immune Response
(2015-05-07)
RIG-I is a key cytosolic sensor of many RNA viruses, including dengue virus (DV), the most significant arboviral pathogen. Upon viral RNA binding, RIG-I signals via the adaptor protein MAVS, located at mitochondria, to ...
Mechanisms of regulatory T cell lineage homeostasis and stability
(2015-05-12)
Defined by the transcription factor Foxp3, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a lineage of CD4+ T lymphocytes critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and tolerance. A lack of functional Tregs in both mice and humans ...
Immunoregulatory Roles of CD48 in Autoimmunity and Tolerance
(2015-05-04)
CD48 is an adhesion and costimulatory molecule expressed constitutively on nearly all hematopoietic cells. Via interactions with its ligand CD2, it contributes to synapse organization between T cells and APCs, and can ...
Signaling of the T Cell Costimulatory Receptor CD28: Regulation and Initiation
(2016-05-04)
T cells provide antigen-specific immunity to pathogens, but are also capable of inducing destructive autoimmunity when responding to self antigens. In order to achieve full activation, T cells must receive two signals: ...
Regulation of the Inflamed Tumor Phenotype in Melanoma Immunotherapy
(2016-05-02)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathways can deliver durable anti-tumor effects. However, a major fraction of metastatic cancer ...
Molecular Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
(2016-04-25)
CD8+ T cells are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system and are required for optimal protection from most pathogens and cancer. They function by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and by directly eliminating ...
CD4 T Cells Regulate Adenovirus Vector-Elicited Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
(2016-01-08)
The processes that regulate viral vector vaccine-elicited cellular and humoral immune responses remain poorly defined. Thus, in this thesis, the role of CD4+ T cells – master regulators of adaptive immunity – in modulating ...
Immune Surveillance by Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells
(2016-01-11)
During priming, CD8+ T cells integrate a plethora of signals that affect their differentiation into subsets of CD8+ T cells with distinct migratory properties and functions. Given that CD8+ T cells exert their protective ...