Development is the elegant and complex process by which a single celled embryo grows into a fully formed and functional adult. One of the major challenges in the process of development is that although each cell in an ...

Bacterial cells are fortified against osmotic lysis by a cell wall made of peptidoglycan (PG). Synthases called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the targets of penicillin and related antibiotics, polymerize the glycan ...

The RAS family of genes are among the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers, including nearly all pancreatic cancers, ~40% of colorectal cancers, and ~30% of lung cancers. Although most RAS-mutant cancers depend ...

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, having not only several intrinsic sub-types but also significant sub-clonal heterogeneity within tumors. Intra-tumor heterogeneity can have profound impact on tumor evolution, ...

The gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium is a highly regenerative tissue with the potential to provide a renewable source of insulin+ cells using cellular reprogramming. Here, I describe the antral stomach as a previously ...

Enhancers are cis regulatory elements that play key roles in the control of cell-type specific gene expression programs. In cancer, enhancer deregulation plays a key role in maintaining gene regulatory programs that underlie ...

The ubiquitin-proteasome system was initially discovered in reticulocytes, which undergo massive and rapid proteome remodeling. During terminal differentiation, hundreds of generic constituents of the cell undergo programmed ...

Complex animal behaviors are likely built from simpler modules, but their systematic identification in mammals remains a significant challenge. Here we use depth imaging to show that three-dimensional (3D) mouse pose ...

Mitochondria are crucial to the cell and perform numerous functions including generating cellular ATP, buffering calcium, and creating macromolecules. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and as such, cannot be synthesized ...

In eukaryotes, 20-30 nt small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate many cellular processes by a process called RNA interference (RNAi). sRNAs serve as adaptable specificity factors to direct silencing at either the post-transcriptional ...