Presynaptic terminals of neurons are optimized for neurotransmitter release, which is tightly controlled by presynaptic calcium. Here, we evaluate the role of calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) ...

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for blood disorders and autoimmune diseases. Following HSCT, these cells must successfully migrate to the marrow niche and replenish the blood system ...

The effect of a single genetic mutation can vary greatly between different types of cells. The mutated gene may not be expressed in one tissue but may cause a devastating loss of function in another. To learn about disease ...

Shigella is a causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. The ability of Shigella to disseminate in the intestinal epithelium is crucial for disease establishment. This process of cell-to-cell spread involves actin-based ...

Recent advances in genome engineering technologies based on the CRISPR-associated RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 are enabling the systematic interrogation of genome function. Analogous to the search function in modern word ...

Faced with an environment of constantly changing nutrient availability, mammals have adapted complex homeostatic mechanisms to maintain energy balance. Deviations from this balance are largely corrected through a concerted, ...

Diabetes affects more than 382 million people worldwide and can lead to vision loss as a result of progressive degeneration of the neurovascular unit in the retina, a condition known as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Early ...

Despite being the leading cause of neurodegeneration and dementia in the aging brain, the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown in most patients. The terminal pathological hallmarks of abnormal protein aggregation ...

Apoptosis is a tightly coordinated program to shut down and dismantle a cell, characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), caspase activation to cleave hundreds of proteins, DNA fragmentation, and ...

Human neurodegenerative disorders are among the most difficult to study. In particular, the inability to readily obtain the faulty cell types most relevant to these diseases has impeded progress for decades. Amyotrophic ...