Short-term Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Mortality: An Analysis within the APHEA Project
View/ Open
Author
Samoli, Evangelia
Touloumi, Giota
Anderson, Hugh Ross
Schindler, Christian
Forsberg, Bertil
Vigotti, Maria Angela
Vonk, Judith
Košnik, Mitja
Skorkovsky, Jiri
Katsouyanni, Klea
Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10375Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Samoli, Evangelia, Giota Touloumi, Joel Schwartz, Hugh Ross Anderson, Christian Schindler, Bertil Forsberg, Maria Angela Vigotti, Judith Vonk, Mitja Košnik, Jiri Skorkovsky, and Klea Katsouyanni. 2007. Short-term effects of carbon monoxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(11): 1578-1583.Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the short-term effects of carbon monoxide on total and cardiovascular mortality in 19 European cities participating in the APHEA-2 (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) project. Methods: We examined the association using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analyzed separately, whereas in the second stage the city-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity. We evaluated the sensitivity of our results by applying different degrees of smoothing for seasonality control in the city-specific analysis. Results: We found significant associations of CO with total and cardiovascular mortality. A 1-mg/m\(^3\) increase in the 2-day mean of CO levels was associated with a 1.20% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63–1.77%] increase in total deaths and a 1.25% (95% CI, 0.30–2.21%) increase in cardiovascular deaths. There was indication of confounding with black smoke and nitrogen dioxide, but the pollutant-adjusted effect of CO on mortality remained at least marginally statistically significant. The effect of CO on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities and was larger when the standardized mortality rate was lower. Conclusions: The results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of CO on mortality. The heterogeneity found in the effect estimates among cities may be explained partly by specific city characteristics.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072841/pdf/Terms of Use
This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAACitable link to this page
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5358882
Collections
- HMS Scholarly Articles [17922]
- SPH Scholarly Articles [6362]
Contact administrator regarding this item (to report mistakes or request changes)