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dc.contributor.authorde Munter, Jeroen S. L
dc.contributor.authorGroop, Leif C
dc.contributor.authorHu, Frank B.
dc.contributor.authorSpiegelman, Donna Lynn
dc.contributor.authorFranz, Mary
dc.contributor.authorvan Dam, Rob M.
dc.date.accessioned2012-01-09T00:52:07Z
dc.date.issued2007
dc.identifier.citationde Munter, Jeroen S. L, Frank B Hu, Donna Spiegelman, Mary Franz, and Rob M van Dam. 2007. Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review. PLoS Medicine 4(8): e261.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1549-1277en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:7349725
dc.description.abstractBackground: Control of body weight by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure is of major importance for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, but the role of specific dietary factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes is less well established. We evaluated intakes of whole grain, bran, and germ in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. Methods and Findings: We followed 161,737 US women of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) I and II, without history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. The age at baseline was 37–65 y for NHSI and 26–46 y for NHSII. Dietary intakes and potential confounders were assessed with regularly administered questionnaires. We documented 6,486 cases of type 2 diabetes during 12–18 y of follow-up. Other prospective cohort studies on whole grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were identified in searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE up to January 2007, and data were independently extracted by two reviewers. The median whole grain intake in the lowest and highest quintile of intake was, respectively, 3.7 and 31.2 g/d for NHSI and 6.2 and 39.9 g/d for NHSII. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relative risks (RRs) for the highest as compared with the lowest quintile of whole grain intake was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.69) for NHSI and 0.68 (95% CI 0.57–0.81) for NHSII (both: p-value, test for trend <0.001). After further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), these RRs were 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.83; p-value, test for trend <0.001) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–1.02; p-value, test for trend 0.03) respectively. Associations for bran intake were similar to those for total whole grain intake, whereas no significant association was observed for germ intake after adjustment for bran. Based on pooled data for six cohort studies including 286,125 participants and 10,944 cases of type 2 diabetes, a two-serving-per-day increment in whole grain consumption was associated with a 21% (95% CI 13%–28%) decrease in risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders and BMI. Conclusions: Whole grain intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, and this association is stronger for bran than for germ. Findings from prospective cohort studies consistently support increasing whole grain consumption for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.isversionofdoi://10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261en_US
dc.relation.hasversionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1952203/pdf/en_US
dash.licenseLAA
dc.subjectdiabetes and endocrinologyen_US
dc.subjectnutritionen_US
dc.subjectpublic health and epidemiologyen_US
dc.subjectepidemiologyen_US
dc.subjectdiabetesen_US
dc.subjectnutrition and metabolismen_US
dc.subjectpublic healthen_US
dc.subjecthealth policyen_US
dc.titleWhole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Reviewen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.description.versionVersion of Recorden_US
dc.relation.journalPLoS Medicineen_US
dash.depositing.authorHu, Frank B.
dc.date.available2012-01-09T00:52:07Z
dash.affiliation.otherHMS^Medicine-Brigham and Women's Hospitalen_US
dash.affiliation.otherSPH^Nutritionen_US
dash.affiliation.otherSPH^Epidemiologyen_US
dash.affiliation.otherSPH^Nutritionen_US
dash.affiliation.otherSPH^Nutritionen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261*
dash.authorsorderedfalse
dash.contributor.affiliatedFranz, Mary
dash.contributor.affiliatedVan Dam, Rob
dash.contributor.affiliatedSpiegelman, Donna
dash.contributor.affiliatedHu, Frank


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