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{\f519\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Dotum Greek{\*\falt \'b5\'b8\'bf\'f2};}{\f520\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Dotum Tur{\*\falt \'b5\'b8\'bf\'f2};}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Dotum Baltic{\*\falt \'b5\'b8\'bf\'f2};}
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{\f1140\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 GoudyOlSt BT Tur;}{\f1150\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Humanst521 BT Tur;}{\f1156\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Kabel Bk BT CE;}{\f1159\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Kabel Bk BT Greek;}{\f1160\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Kabel Bk BT Tur;}
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{\f1216\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 PosterBodoni BT CE;}{\f1219\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 PosterBodoni BT Greek;}{\f1220\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 PosterBodoni BT Tur;}{\f1230\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Serifa BT Tur;}
{\f1240\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Serifa Th BT Tur;}{\f1246\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Souvenir Lt BT CE;}{\f1249\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Souvenir Lt BT Greek;}{\f1250\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Souvenir Lt BT Tur;}
{\f1260\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Staccato222 BT Tur;}{\f1270\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Swiss911 XCm BT Tur;}{\f1280\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 TypoUpright BT Tur;}{\f1530\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ZapfEllipt BT Tur;}
{\f1540\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Zurich Ex BT Tur;}{\f1546\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1547\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}{\f1549\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}
{\f1550\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}{\f1553\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1556\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1557\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}
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{\f1567\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1569\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}{\f1570\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f1573\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}
{\f1576\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}{\f1577\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1579\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}{\f1580\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}
{\f1583\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}{\f1586\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1587\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}{\f1589\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1590\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}
{\f1593\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1596\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f1597\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}{\f1599\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}
{\f1600\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f1603\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f1606\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1607\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}
{\f1609\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}{\f1610\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}{\f1613\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f1675\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f1928\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}{\f1926\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f1927\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1929\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1930\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}
{\f1933\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}{\f1938\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 MS PMincho Western;}{\f1936\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 MS PMincho CE;}{\f1937\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f1939\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f1940\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 MS PMincho Tur;}{\f1943\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f1948\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS PMincho Western;}{\f1946\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS PMincho CE;}{\f1947\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS PMincho Cyr;}
{\f1949\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS PMincho Greek;}{\f1950\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS PMincho Tur;}{\f1953\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f1958\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Gothic Western;}
{\f1956\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Gothic CE;}{\f1957\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f1959\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Gothic Greek;}{\f1960\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Gothic Tur;}{\f1963\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1968\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 MS PGothic Western;}{\f1966\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 MS PGothic CE;}{\f1967\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f1969\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 MS PGothic Greek;}{\f1970\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 MS PGothic Tur;}
{\f1973\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f1978\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS PGothic Western;}{\f1976\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS PGothic CE;}{\f1977\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f1979\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f1980\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS PGothic Tur;}{\f1983\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f1988\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Western;}{\f1986\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 MS UI Gothic CE;}
{\f1987\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f1989\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Greek;}{\f1990\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f1993\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1998\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Western;}{\f1996\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f1997\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f1999\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f2000\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f2003\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f2008\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Gulim Western;}{\f2006\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Gulim CE;}{\f2007\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Gulim Cyr;}
{\f2009\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Gulim Greek;}{\f2010\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Gulim Tur;}{\f2013\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Gulim Baltic;}{\f2018\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 GulimChe Western;}{\f2016\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 GulimChe CE;}
{\f2017\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 GulimChe Cyr;}{\f2019\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 GulimChe Greek;}{\f2020\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 GulimChe Tur;}{\f2023\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 GulimChe Baltic;}{\f2028\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @GulimChe Western;}
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\par \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Aera Han
\par \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Harvard Law School
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\par }{\loch\af0\insrsid3681541\charrsid3681541 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 *This paper is submitted in satisfaction of both the course requirement of the Food and Drug Law (Winter 2006) and the LL.M. written work requirement.}{\loch\af0\insrsid3681541 

\par \page }{\loch\af0\insrsid3681541 
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b. Special Regulations on Biotechnology and Stem Cell Research}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  PAGEREF _Toc135783274 \\
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2. The regulatory and ethical problems of Dr. Hwang's Human Embryonic Stem Cell research}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14295904\charrsid16456069 {\*\datafield 
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b. Ethical and Regulatory problems relating to the 2004 paper}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  PAGEREF _Toc135783277 \\
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\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20 783278"}{\cs18\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14295904\charrsid16456069 {\*\datafield 
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c. Ethical and Regulatory Problems in the 2005 Paper}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  PAGEREF _Toc135783278 \\h }{
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3. Revelation and Aftermath}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  PAGEREF _Toc135783279 \\h }{
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\cs18\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20 HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc135783280"}{
\cs18\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14295904\charrsid16456069 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003100330035003700380033003200380030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\b\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af0\dbch\af0\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III}{
\cs18\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af0\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  . }{\cs18\b\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af0\noproof\insrsid16456069\charrsid13003708 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Conclusion:}{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e Stem Cell Scandal}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid16456069 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  PAGEREF _Toc135783280 \\h }{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20 62}}}}}{\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\noproof\insrsid16456069 
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\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af20\hich\af20\dbch\af20\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs23\f0\insrsid16456069 
\par \page }{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid5637615\charrsid3681541 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid5637615 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ethical and }{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid5637615\charrsid3681541 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Regulatory }
{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid6235452 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Problems}{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid1061953 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the Stem Cell Scandal}{\b\fs40\loch\af0\insrsid5637615\charrsid3681541 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\b\fs28\loch\af0\insrsid5637615 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Han}{\b\fs28\loch\af0\insrsid12677631 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\b\fs28\loch\af0\insrsid12677631\charrsid12677631 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\b\fs28\loch\af0\insrsid12677631 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Aera}{\cs17\b\fs28\super\loch\af0\insrsid5182474\charrsid5182474 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135782441}
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 42 \\f "Symbol" \\s 14}{\fldrslt\f3\fs28}}{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345\charrsid5182474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 42 \\f "Symbol" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f3\fs20}}}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 According to the \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Guidelines for Romanization of Korean (July 7, 2000, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Korea, Public Notice 2000-8), in Romanizing Korean names, surname should go first, and given name, generally composed of two syllables, should be spell
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d as a single word (e.g., Han Aera). But putting a }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 hyphen}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 between the two syllables of given name is permitted (e.g., Han Ae-ra), and in case a person had already made and used a Romanized name prior to the public notice of the Guidelines, she is permitted\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 to use it continuously despite the current Guidelines. Due to such exceptions, the actual usages of Romanized Korean names are very confusing. E.g., Dr. Hwang's name can be Romanized as 1) Hwang Useog (in accordance with current Guidelines), 2) Hwang Woo
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Suk (in accordance with the continuous use exception), or 3) Woo Suk Hwang or Woo-suk Hwang (putting the surname last in papers published in English). In this paper, I first follow the general principles of Guidelines, but when the spellings are different
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 from }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Guidelines in published documents, respect them as exceptions, and to avoid confusion, sometimes put a comma between the surname and the given name.}}}{\b\fs28\loch\af0\insrsid5637615 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135782441}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid5637615 
\par 
\par }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 *This paper is based on the facts investigated and }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 disclosed }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
by}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid15421906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 May}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2006. Though the }{
\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid1061953 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overall}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  picture }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid1061953 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is likely }{
\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to remain the \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 same, }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid1061953 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 some of the }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 details }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid1061953 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 may require }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 modification}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid1061953 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of this paper}{
\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid15421906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in accordance }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to reflect }{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid15421906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 result}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid12321610 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid15421906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of further investigation}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\fs20\insrsid6756162\charrsid5637615 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\loch\af0\insrsid3681541\charrsid15421906 
\par {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780212}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780299}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783270}{\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs32\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af0\langfenp1042\insrsid15670546 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I\tab}}\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid14551467 \tab 
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\cs23\f0\insrsid15730931\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ecent stem cell scandal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 surrounding }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15730931\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{
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\cs23\f0\insrsid12321610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research and publication}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15730931\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  shocked the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6103791\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific wo
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\cs23\f0\insrsid6103791\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6103791\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korean society}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12321610 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15421906 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15421906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ),}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid15421906 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781370}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (hereinafter "NBC")}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16149890 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 H}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16149890 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 wang}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16149890 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Woo Suk }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14353243 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gyosu-Ui Yunl\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 imunje-E Daehan Jungganbogoseo}{
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The Intermediary Report on the Ethical Problems of Dr. Woo Suk Hwang}{\i\hich\af558\insrsid6303345\charrsid11287919 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f558 \rquote }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid11287919 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 s }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
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, 2006. 2. 2. (Language: Korean) (The announcement of the final report has been delayed }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 pending further investigation of lack of informed consen\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t for ovarian donations.}
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\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9386109 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781379}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4739164 
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http://seoul.dpo.go.kr/download.tdf?table=gp_board_file&d_seq=506&d_idx=4&d_board_id=sppo_press}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on May 13, 2006). 
\par \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For an English summary, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Lee Hyo-sik}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4739164 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang Woo-suk Indicted for Fraud}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, The Korea Times May 12, 2006. Available online at }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4739164 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200605/kt2006051217400611950.htm" }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4739164 {\*\datafield 
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3000300036003000350031003200310037003400300030003600310031003900350030002e00680074006d000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b9000000068007400740070003a002f002f00740069006d00650073002e00680061006e006b006f006f006b0069002e0063006f006d002f006c0070006100670065
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http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200605/kt2006051217400611950.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on May 13, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135781379}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4739164 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 respectively}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4739164 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 began to i}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nvestigat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  various aspects of the scandal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  its details have mostly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2585642 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 revealed. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Though the outright f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 abrication}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of scientific research and discoveries }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
is the most shocking part of this scandal, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical problems}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  u
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nderlying Dr. Hwang's actions}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  also send a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 clear }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 warning signal.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15421906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid15421906 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ethicists, religious groups }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1061953\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and human right activists }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 consistently}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raised }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
questions regarding the progress of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16731268\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14095222\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 concerns}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  were obvious from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  layperson}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s point of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 view}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even though}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t might have been difficult for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 peers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 notice}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fabrication of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 highly specialized papers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15035571 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5259719\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in South Korea, experts and government officials }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were supposed to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supervise }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 showed too \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 much enthusiasm about}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  alleged success}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and, in the process, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
forgot prudence and caution}{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Instead, they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2631570\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 shared the benefits}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5011484\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and even issued}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15349294 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  an official indulgence for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4739164 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3744330\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , until }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16731268\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it was revealed that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2389963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most of the research was fake}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15730931\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5259719\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
f the researc\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h itself were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5259719\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 truthful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  peers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  focusing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seemingly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fabulous outcome}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would still }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ignore}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16017787\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical and procedural injustice}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nd the research would }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have gone}{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16535117\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at least }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16535117\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a while }{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 without }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 significant }{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supervisio\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  until a real tragedy br}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oke}{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  out, such as }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 death }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6425576 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or severe injury }{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6425576 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14877970 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid400027\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donor. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14371377 

\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korea }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 does have}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulatory system to oversee }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 clinical trials and biotechnological }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research. However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 no safeguards }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
were in effect were unable to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prevent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid808399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 D\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r. Hwang's }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or his}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  forgery }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
of the data}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3299844 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
removed from the daily workings}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 local}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15729793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research lab}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8018630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could not properly oversee their behaviors. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15078906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hat they c}{\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ould}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 do }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 impos}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14877970 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 retrospective}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  remed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ies}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  such as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2389963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 issuance of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2389963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inves
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tigati}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ve}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2389963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  report}{\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , suspension of the researchers}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  qualification}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid984134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, or recommendation of stricter regulatory rule}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14961134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15078906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esponsibility }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to prevent ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 misconduct}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15729793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prospectively }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rested with}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14961134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the researchers themselves and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 local }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8018630 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Institutional Review Boards \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1905004 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRBs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1905004 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid8018630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 )}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15078906 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n this case, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hey }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dramatically }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13905453 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 failed.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14961134\charrsid14961134 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14877970 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Some people might mistakenly believe that this kind of scandal cannot occur in developed countries that have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 well-established}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  regulatory systems known for their highest level of bioethical concern. Ho\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wever, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
most of the ethical problems shown in this scandal are }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 neither new to nor unheard of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13001397 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135780394}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13001397 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For the g\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eneral overview of research ethics, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Adil E. Shamoo & David B. Resnick, }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Responsible Conduct of Research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Oxford University Press 2003); and}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7082848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 David H. Guston and Kenneth Keniston eds., }{
\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Fragile Contract}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (The MIT Press 1994). For the integrity and accou\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ntability problem, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 William Broad & Nicholas Wade, }{\scaps\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 The Betrayers of Truth}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Simon & Schuster }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1982)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
; and Patricia Woolf, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7082848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Integrity and Accountability in Research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  82-101 }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7082848 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Fragile Contract}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (Guston & Keniston eds., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ). For the conflicts of interest\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  problem, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Sheldon Krimsky, }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Science in the Private Interest}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2003). For science and media, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Dorothy Nelkin, }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . (2nd revised ed. Freeman 1994).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780394}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Rather, w}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen success is near at hand, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there have always been a few }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
researchers }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 surrender}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to the temptation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to bypass }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical consider\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ations, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hoping}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that nobody }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would uncover }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 misconduct}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even if they were caught later, they would be forgiven if}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the outcome }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  successful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Therefore, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulatory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scheme}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to protect }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  prohibit }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 giving in to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such temptati\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ons is }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 especially }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
crucial in ethical matters, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in which, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the traditional safeguard}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that guarantee the truthfulness of the research, i.e., peer review}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the referee system}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the process of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 replication,}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid5468646 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5468646 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Broad & \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Wade, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2294907 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135780394 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003300390034000000}}
}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 5}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2294907 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
61-62. Actually the authors of this book are skeptical about this three-step}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  self-regulatory}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 mechanism}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 well illustrates}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  its in}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 sufficiency}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  in preventing scientific misconduct. This stem-cell scanda\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 l would be another example.  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 might break down}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . This scandal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 provides an opportunit
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eview }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 current regulations }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the bio}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 medical }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and biotechnological fields a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nd to seek remedies in the hope of preventing such ethical crise}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2389963 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13001397 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to elicit what caused the ethical failures of this scandal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to re\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 aders who do not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 speak}{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Korean. Though the overall story has been }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 disclosed in English, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 many small details}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 are}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 important to understand how those minor wrongdoings culminated in this huge scandal, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ve}{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 not yet been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fully }{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 interpreted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . The other purpose\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 is to prevent similar scandals from occurring again. To prevent another ethical failure, of any proportion, we need to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 articulate }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  problems and establish a safer regulatory regime.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid731603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
The South Korean authorities, though }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 once failed in many aspects to\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supervise}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang's research, did not hesitate to reveal even their own problems and sins, realizing that if they tried to cover up or turn their eyes from the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  again, the trust of the public toward scientific research would never recover, and\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the price would be huge. This paper owes much to their swift and through investigations. 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In this paper, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I first }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12977982\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 summarize}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2753156 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulatory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12139157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 background and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 structure related to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the scandal surrounding Dr. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s ste}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 m cell }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13316268 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research fabrication}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12271378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and then foc\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 us}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7948959 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1977317\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical problems revealed}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12084339\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thus}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12084339\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  far}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15078906 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In conclusion,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  I recommend several reform proposals to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
strengthen }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6058394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research ethics. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5468646 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11414521\charrsid6437105 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid11414521\charrsid11281630 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid419823\charrsid11281630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15730931\charrsid11281630 
\par {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780213}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780300}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783271}{\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs32\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af0\langfenp1042\insrsid5773866 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II\tab}}\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sa288\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\outlinelevel0\nosnaplinegrid\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid5773866 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid2753156 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 How }{
\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid15430936 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Regulations}{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid2753156 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid4085645 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Were Established, }{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid2753156 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Worked }{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid4882277 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and Failed}{\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid11281630\charrsid15877787 {\*\bkmkend _Toc135780213}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780300}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783271}
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sa288\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\b\fs32\loch\af0\insrsid15877787\charrsid11281630 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid14551467\charrsid6437105 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780214}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780301}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783272}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14232449 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  A brief}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4085645 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overview }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9142233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9142233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9797332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulations }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14232449 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in South Kor\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ea{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780214}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780301}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783272}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{\cs23\f0\insrsid678837 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
tem cell research in South Korea }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 has been regulated in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 two different }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 areas}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . One is the general regulation o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 clinical trials and protection of human subjects, which has gradually developed from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 late 1980s. The other is }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more specific regulation\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 biotechnology, which has been}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  intensely }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 discussed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 since}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 late 1990s. These two }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 areas}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of regulation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 partly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overlap, but their main focuses and objectives }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 differ}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid678837 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11731002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid14232449 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9783127 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780215}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780302}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783273}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 General r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9783127 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egulations}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 of research on human subjects{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780215}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780302}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783273} }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9783127 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid9783127 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 R}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11361535 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
egulati}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ng }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research on human\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  subjects }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9783127 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid617802 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  South Korea }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 increased substantially }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 early }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9797332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 19}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7222570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 9}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9797332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 0s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mainly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8591008 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in response to burgeoning }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 clinical trials }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  new drugs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9797332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10114290 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In 1986 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7882361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korea}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n government}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as a settlement }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bilateral trade disputes}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865\charrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with the United States}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 agreed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to offer}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  higher patent protection }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 medicines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and chemical compounds}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14103622 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
For the background to the trade disputes between the two countries and its consequences, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Anna Y. Park, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5317749 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 International Trade: Agreement Between the United States and the Republic of Korea Concerning Insurance Market Access\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 and Intellectual Property Protection in the Republic of Korea, July 21, 1986}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5209868 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , 28 Harvard Int'l L.J. 166 (1987).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Within a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8212813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  year}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8212813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the National Assembly of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korea amended the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Patent Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 accord}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 above }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7227712 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 agreement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . The amended Patent Act broadened }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5209868 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 patent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  rights}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5209868 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5209868 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 chemical compounds and\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  drugs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16150705 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 admitted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  alien}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16150705 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  non-residents}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  standing to sue in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10440190 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  patent infringement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  lawsuits}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5317749 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5317749 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Patent Act of Republic of Korea, Dec. 31, }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5317749 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1986}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Act No. 3}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 89}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1 (partially amended}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5317749 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 )}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5317749 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Until then, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15414778 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most Korean pharmaceutical companies }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14505088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5317749 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 concentrated on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15414778 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 manufactur}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5317749 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing and selling }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4085645 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 generic drugs }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for which t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4085645 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he patent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5317749 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had already }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4085645 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 expired, or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15414778 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cop}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15414778 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  dr\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ugs }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2432369 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
that were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 chemically }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2432369 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 identical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2432369 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the patented drugs but produced }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2432369 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  different methods}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467419 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467419 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 avoid }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lawsuits for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467419 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 infring}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ement of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 method }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9124059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 patent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9124059 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The situation of South Korea at that time was similar with \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
that of India before the Indian government accepted the western patent system on December 26, 2005. Many executives of South Korean pharmaceutical companies still lament that South Korea conceded to the pressure of the United States too early, and should 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ave been allowed additional time to further develop the domestic pharmaceutical industry.    }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14505088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 intellectual property}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680\charrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
protection for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 drugs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  has been enhanced by the amended Patent Act and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 later}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs),}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12863680 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12863680 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For changes in intellectual property protection in developing countries, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Philip W. Grubb, }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2294907 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Patents for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  37-54 (4}{\super\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13043686 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  ed. Oxford University Press 2004). }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  making it }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more difficult }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for South Korean pharmaceutical companies to earn revenue from the
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  former }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 practices}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Realiz}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the chang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16140864 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 environment of the industry, they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14505088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 began }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 develop}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14505088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 new drugs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 early 1990s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  forward}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12863680 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13043686 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
heir efforts came}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13043686 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fruition }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid617802 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
late 1990s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid6516431 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6516431 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The first }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7634762 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 new drug }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that won the approval of the Korea Food and Drug Administration was "S}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7634762 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 unpla}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  inj.}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'ae}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
," an anti-cancer agent developed by SK Chemicals. It took nine years from the initiation of the research (May 1990)\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to approval (July 14, 1999). For the introduction of the drug, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the official website of the company, }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11213412 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.skpharm.com/english/product/ProductSunpla.asp}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on Mar\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  23, 2006). After }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2765123 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 twelve years of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
research and clinical trials, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2765123 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 FACTIVE}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2765123 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'ae}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , a quinolone antibiotic developed by LG Life Sciences, won the approval of the Food and Drug Administration of the United States in April 2003. For the introduction of the drug, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2765123 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.lgls.co.kr/eng/rd/wonder.jsp}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.lgls.co.kr/eng/rd/wonder.jsp}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on March 23, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467419 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2434835 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The South Korean government acknowledged the necessity }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467419 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egulat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  clinical trials}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and offer protection to human subjects}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Ministry of Health and\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Welfare (MHW) of South Korea issued t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1859965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Guidelines for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8811355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean Good Clinical Practice (KGCP)}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2765123 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781345}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2765123 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  The Guidelines for Korean Good Clinical Practice, Dec. 28, 1987. Ministry of Health and Welfare,  Public Notice No. 1987-87\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2765123 
{\*\bkmkend _Ref135781345}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8811355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Dec}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 em}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ber}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8811355 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  28, 1987 as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16150705 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 non-binding }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guideline}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 applying to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  pharmaceutical companies }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2765123 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and research institutes }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16150705 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2765123 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16150705 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  clinical trials for}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11213412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  new drugs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8128001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  amended }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hem }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  5, 1995 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7885977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  binding regulation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8128001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11213412 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The Guidelines for Korean Good Clinical Practice (Amendment Jul. 27, 1995). Ministry of Health and Welfare Public Notice No. 1995-39. Most IRBs in Korea were established after this 1995 amendment. For the history and status of IRBs in Korea, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Kim O\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ck-joo et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5209523 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Current Status of the Institutional Review Boards in Korea: Constitution, Operation, and Policy for Protection of Huma}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5209523 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n Research Participants}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5209523 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 J Korean Med Sci 2003; 18: 3-10}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available online at }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16543265 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://jkms.kams.or.kr/2003/pdf/\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 02003.pdf}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  24, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and last amended }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7634762 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3041118 
{\upr{\*\bkmkstart [???_??]}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart [{\uc1\u-17608 ?\u-16100 ?\u-14504 ?_\u-13160 ?\u-14516 ?]}}}}{\upr{\*\bkmkend [???_??]}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend [{\uc1\u-17608 ?\u-16100 ?\u-14504 ?_\u-13160 ?\u-14516 ?]}}}}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Jan
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3041118 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  4, 2000}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3041118 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Guidelines for Korean Good Clinical Practice (Amendment Jan. 4, 2000). Korea Food and Drug Administration Public Notice No. 1999-67. }}}{
\hich\af0\insrsid3041118\charrsid3041118 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3041118 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 adopt}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3041118 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Guidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Good Clinical Practice }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  version}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid788865 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 issued}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by the}{
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ation o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278\charrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f Technical Requirements }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or Regist
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ration }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278\charrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f Pharmaceuticals }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278\charrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or Human Use}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8730020 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8730020 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 International Conference\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 n Harmonisation }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f Technical Requirements }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 or Registration }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f Pharmaceuticals }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8730020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 or Human Use}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9142233 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Guideline}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9142233 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  For Good Clinical Practice }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9142233 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 E6 (R1) Version}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Jun. 10, 1996. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9142233 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA482.pdf}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000002a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006900630068002e006f00720067002f004c004f0042002f006d0065006400690061002f004d0045004400490041003400380032002e007000640066000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004b
a90b5400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006900630068002e006f00720067002f004c004f0042002f006d0065006400690061002f004d0045004400490041003400380032002e007000640066000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.ic\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h.org/LOB/media/MEDIA482.pdf}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  23, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10511203 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 With}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  th}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  last amendment, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
KGCP became almost identical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ICH}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10561471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 GCP and could }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 meet}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the international standard}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8128001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , especially pertaining to IRBs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12911278 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15473977 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In addition to the administrative regulations on clinical trials\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1905004 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 civil case laws}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1655724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6443721 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1655724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 self-regulation}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15424360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1655724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the medical community }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15424360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14573411 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3887573 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 improved}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . After the end of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15424360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
almost forty-year}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -long}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15424360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dictatorship}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 in 1987, justice}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and ethics ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ve again}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  been emphasized. The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13243568 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 me}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dical profession }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  no exception.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4607544 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Medical malp\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ractice lawsuits have increased rapidly, and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the notion of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 informed consent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 has been adopted in contracts and torts through the interpretation of the Civil Code of South Korea. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Since}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 late }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1980s,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Supreme Court}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10827264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of South Korea }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 began to apply this pr\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inciple}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1905004 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  vigorously}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4868441 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The first Korean Supreme }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Court decision that directly a}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cknowledged}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the informed }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 consent}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 doctrine}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Daebeobwon pangyul (Supreme court decision) }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 86DaKa1136}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  [Damage]}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  delivered on Apr}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 il}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1800956 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  28, 19\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 87. }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
In this case a treating surgeon did not offer full explanation of the expected side effects of tissue transplantation surgery when getting the consent from the patient. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court}{\cs20\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s decision that awarded full compensator\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 y damages to the patient.   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Informed consent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is now a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16321634 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 established }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 doctrine, and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ven if the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 plaintiff}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  cannot prove the causality between the lack of informed consent and the actual harm, if she proves the lack of informed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12587059 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 consent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 itself in the medical treatment}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in question}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , she }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9128165 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 may}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  be awarded at least compensatory damag}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 es }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for the emotional distress caused }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the deprivation of self-determination or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1800956 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 loss of the right to choose}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1800956 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1800956 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Daebeobwon pangyul (Supreme court decision) }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 93Da52402 [Damage] delivered on Feb. 10, 1995, the court decided that }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in case the patient claims only compensatory damage}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  for the emotional distress from the loss of the right \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to choose and}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 self-determination caused by the lack of informed consent, she needs to prove only the fact that the physician }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 provided}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12543377 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  no or insufficient information}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to her." This decision has thus far been followed in similar cases.     }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6558145 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13710661 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean Medical Association (KMA) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
declared }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14625883 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Guidelines of Ethics for the Medical\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Profession}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 self-regulatory}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  rule}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14625883 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Korean Medical A\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ssociation, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Guidelines }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ethics for the }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Medical Profession}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, Nov. 15, 2001 (language: Korean). The main catalyst for the issuance of the Guidelines was the so-called "Boramae Hospital case." In 1997, a patient underwent brain surgery at Boramae Hospita\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
l (a public hospital run by the Seoul municipal government) and had been recovering, but his family demanded the treating physician to stop further treatment and discharge him, largely due to financial reasons. The physician agreed and discharged the pati
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
nt, in spite of his knowledge that this discharge would certainly cause the patient's death. The patient died immediately after he arrived home and the artificial respiration was removed, and both the physician and the family members were convicted of mur
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
er at the trial. The appeals court affirmed the conviction with minor changes (the murder conviction of the physician was changed to accessory to murder), and the Korean Supreme Court also affirmed it (Daebeobwon 2004. 6. 24. pangyul 2002do995). The trial
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 court decision delivered in 1997 alarmed the medical society and precipitated the issuance of a medical ethics code and the establishment of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 hospital}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  ethics committees.   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 They}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  reiterated doctors}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5245559 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 general }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical duty}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5245559 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Guidelines }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8128001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art 55 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16321634 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  3.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14625883 
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\cs23\f0\insrsid14625883 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and recommended the establishment of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a local }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14625883 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethics committee in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 each }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14625883 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hospital and research institution}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13520667 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16321634 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 74, 75.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14424719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14424719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KMA }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 held}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 power to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sanction }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 member doctors}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14424719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  wh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14695099 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14424719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  violated the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5245559 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mandatory clauses of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14424719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guidelines, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16321634 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the guidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of human subjects was}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13971719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  established. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4607544 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid922281 \tab {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780216}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780303}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783274}
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{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783274}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid879078 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The first law on biotechnology }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
enacted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid879078 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Sout\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h }{\cs23\f0\insrsid879078 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea is t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid879078\charrsid879078 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid931045 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Genetic T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid879078\charrsid879078 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 echnology Support Act}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid931045 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Genetic Technology Support Act, Republic of Korea. Dec. 31, 1983, Act No. 3718 (new enactment).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid931045 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 later renamed the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid931045 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Biotechnology Support Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid6045525 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref135780483}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6045525 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Though the title was changed to Biotechnology Support Act (Jan. 5, 1995, Act No.\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 4938, partial amendment), and there have been eight additional partial amendments, its basic structure has not changed. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780483}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid931045 
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An Overview Of The Regulation And Patentability Of Human Cloning And}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2499781 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2499781 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Embryonic Stem Cell Research In The United State\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 s And Anti-Cloning Legislation}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2499781 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2499781 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 In South 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 645}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , 682-683.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12805784 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780534}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Art}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12805784 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  15}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12805784 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mandated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15951578 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the government announce guidelines on biotechnological research to prevent 
{\upr{\*\bkmkstart 15__???????\'b7???}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart 15__{\uc1\u23526 ?\u-26025 ?\u25351 ?\u-28195 ?\u-14504 ?\u20316 ?\u25104 ?\'b7\u26045 ?\u-30644 ?\u-19215 ?}}}}biohazards and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  problems,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3867331 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6957459 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780483 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003400380033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 25}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Art. 15. 
}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 G}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Recombinant DNA Experiments}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1905004 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 according to Art. 15 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9771857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
had not been issued until }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6637606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea joine\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the Convention on Biological Diversity}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in 1997. When the Guidelines were issued in accordance }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Convention, it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12805784 {\upr{\*\bkmkend 15__???????\'b7???}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend 15__{\uc1\u23526 ?\u-26025 ?\u25351 ?\u-28195 ?\u-14504 ?\u20316 ?\u25104 ?\'b7\u26045 ?\u-30644 ?\u-19215 ?}}}}
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 contained only one }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 very }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ambiguous article on ethics in biotechnological research.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12977370 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6957459 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Yujeonja Jaejohap Silheom Jichim}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (The G}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16589911 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 uidelines on Recombinant\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  DNA Experiments}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
) Art. 23, April 22, 1997, Ministry of Health and Welfare Public Notice No. 1997-22. It stated that }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the head of the related }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ministry, }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 agency}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  or research institute on biotechnological study and industry should develop measures to prevent eth\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ical problems that might be caused by biotechnological experiments, but no specific or binding regulation ensued. Other clauses of the Guidelines are mostly on the prevention of biohazards.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3867331 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uman embryonic stem}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cell research }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 found itself }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
regulatory vacuum for a while, a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KGCP applied only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the clinical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 trials}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 on human subjects, and the Guidelines on Recombinant DNA Experiments offer}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 guidelines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on that matter}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11302309 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16589911 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It was the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 birth of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12977370 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dolly the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12977370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 heep}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12977370 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that evoked }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9649411 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ublic ou\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tcry for }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16534191 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9770238 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem-cell research
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4731624 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 O}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019\charrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Feb}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ruary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019\charrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 22}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1997,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  a research team led by Dr. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid28063 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ian}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Wilmut }{\cs23\f0\insrsid28063 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and Dr. K.H.S. Campbell }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019\charrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Roslin Institute in Scotland }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced that they succeeded in cloning a sheep }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16534191 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9649411 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  somatic }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5331660 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cell }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nuclear}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528\charrsid3032019 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3032019\charrsid3032019 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 transfer}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (SCNT)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5331660 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7209528\charrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7209528 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7209528 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid5331660 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I. Wilmut}{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  et al.}{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid5331660 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\cs27\i\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid5331660 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 mammalian cells}{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid5331660 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Nature 385, 810 - 813 (27 February 1997)}{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 
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\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\cs27\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  23, 2\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5331660 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5331660\charrsid5331660 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5331660\charrsid5331660 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
a cell is placed in a de-nucleated ovum, the two cells fuse and then develop into an embryo.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7209528 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 From Wikipedia (a free internet encyclopedia) }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 catchword}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16534191 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This was the first success}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16534191 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mammalian cloning, and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 everyone}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16534191 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 realized that human cloning }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 might }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 succeed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the near future.}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12977370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid29253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 One episode of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7941486 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8419638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 allege
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid29253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human cloning by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6582158 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Lee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14962354\charrsid14962354 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14962354 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Boyeon}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6582158 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15150061 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14962354 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his co}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15150061 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4150638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15150061 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the fertility clinic of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4150638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Kyunghee U}{\cs23\f0\insrsid29253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 niversity in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid29253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4150638 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4150638 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Sheryl Wu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 D}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 unn}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4150638 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 South Korean Scientists Say They Cloned a Human Cell}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8282945 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 N}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ew}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8282945 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Y}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ork}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4150638 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Times }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Dec. 17, 19}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4150638 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 98 A12}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . It ended as a farce, as the researchers gave up further study and left no scientific record overwhelmed by the domestic and international ethical con\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cerns.}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15150061 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For the reaction of the medical profession to this incident, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9843032 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Jeongsu, }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14353243 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Silon: Saengmyeongbogje-Yeongu-E Daehan Daehan-Uisahyeobhoe-Ui Ibjang}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Position of Korean Medical Association on Human Cloning Research}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , J. Kor. Med. Association 42-9\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (1999) 826, 826-829 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.kma.org/windowpopu
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 p/pdfpopup.asp?pdfurl=99095.pdf&title=}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-15652\'bd\'c3\u-18336\'b7\'d0}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-16163\'bb\'fd\u-17787\'b8\'ed\u-17163\'ba\'b9\u-14308\'c1\'a6\u-14864\'bf\'ac\u-21140\'b1\'b8\u-14896\'bf\'a1}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 %20}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-19712\'b4\'eb\u-10916\'c7\'d1}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 %20}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-19712\'b4\'eb\u-10916\'c7\'d1\u-14504\'c0\'c7\u-16212\'bb\'e7\u-10735\'c7\'f9\u-10612\'c8\'b8\u-14504\'c0\'c7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 %20}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-14459\'c0\'d4\u-14427\'c0\'e5}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5251276 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 &listownseq=26}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  25, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid29253 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 other researchers'}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cloning }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 successes}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6045525 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 other mammals}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9188285 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref135780846}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Korea Times, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16011339 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
"First Clone of Calf Born in Korea,"}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Feb. 19, 1999. Dr. Hwang Woo Suk }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9188285 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul Natio
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 nal University}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9188285 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 announced in Feb. 1999 that he succeeded in cloning a cow named }{
\i\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Yo}{\i\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 u}{\i\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ng}{
\i\lang9\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 long.}{\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Available online at }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16126679 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://search.hankooki.com/times/times_view.php?term=hwang+cloning+cow++&path=hankooki1 &media=kt}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  26, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6045525 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780846}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and rising concern}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9988356 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regarding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  various ethical issues }{\cs23\f0\insrsid787461 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 necessitated a new }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13244179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 comp\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rehensive }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bioethics law.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4150638 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781275}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Alarmed by \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the attempted human cloning by the researchers of Kyunghee University (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Footnote 29), the Korean Medical Association formed an investigative subcommittee (ironically the subcommittee included Dr. Hwang and he played a major role in prohibiting the res\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
earchers of Kyunghee University from conducting further cloning experiments) on December 23, 1998. I}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n January}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1999
}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  t}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he subcommittee recomm}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 end}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ed not }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  conduct }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 human cloning}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  until a national policy was set}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , and }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 later}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  issued the }{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7955418 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "Guideline}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7955418 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on Research of Cl\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 oning Lives}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Korean Medical Association, May 1999)}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The guidelines}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 prohibited any research on }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 human }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 embryos for the purpose of human cloning (Art. 4 }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 130 \\f "Wingdings" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f10\fs20}}}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 1.), implantation of cloned embryos in human uterus (Art. 4 }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 130 \\f "Wingdings" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f10\fs20}}}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  4.), any experiment}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16208810 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  with embryos exceeding\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  14 days after fertilization or nuclear transfer (Art. 4 }{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 130 \\f "Wingdings" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f10\fs20}}}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16208810 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2.), and trading of sperms, eggs or somatic cells (}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 8 }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 130 \\f "Wingdings" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f10\fs20}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
). It also suspended the approval of experiment on embryos that did not exceed 14 days from the fertilization or nuclear transfer until an\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 y authoritative government policy was established (}{
\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16208810 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 4 }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 130 \\f "Wingdings" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f10\fs20}}}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16208810 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . For background to the issuance of the Guidelines, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9843032 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Jeongsu, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote 31.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11224178 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135781275}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7371075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Three}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 different amendments }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6645465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Biotechnology Support Act were proposed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by congressmen }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13899744 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from 1997 to 1999}{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7371075 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780534 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003500330034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 26}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 682.}}}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 two }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 different }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 drafts o}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7087123 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 independent act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on bioethics }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13517502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were proposed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9649411 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by}{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Ministry of Health and Welfare}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6045525 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13899744 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (2000) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6045525 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  then,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9649411 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Ministry of Science and Technology}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 (}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13899744 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2002)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7371075 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  682-683.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid143923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Later the debates }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14841650 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 evolved}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mainly }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 around the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  governmental drafts. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Biotech}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
nological}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  researchers and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the biotech }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 industry supported }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Ministry of Science and Technology version}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , while bioethicists a\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nd NGOs }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 strongly }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supported }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Ministry of Health and Welfare version}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1655724 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2455978 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 They }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 differed}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2455978 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  in }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2455978 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 who o\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 r what should be granted the authority}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2455978 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  1) to determine the scope of permissible research employing SCNT; 2) to administer the research and development in biotechnology; and 3) }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 as to}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid2455978 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  what legislative actions should be taken regarding other bioethical issue\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 s.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " Kim,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8669847 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9904792 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780534 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003500330034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 26}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 683. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1655724\charrsid1655724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seemed 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7209528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 impossible to reach a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  uniform bill}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16385895 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
While }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the legislative process }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16385895 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stalemated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  endless debates, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8419638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guidelines issued by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 several associations}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  were the only}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  insufficient}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 saf\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guards against unethical human embryonic stem cell research}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid29253 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135780616}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 example}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Korean Medical Association, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13244179 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Guideline}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13244179 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 on Research of Cloning Lives}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12537891 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Korea Health Industry Development Institute}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12537891 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (KHIDI)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3479642 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and Supervision}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Sep. 2001; Ethics Committee on Stem Cell Research Center, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research Center Ethics }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Committee}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Guidelines for Review of Research Proposals}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , May 2003. For further }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 explanation}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Park, Un Jong, }{\scaps\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1180398 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Bioethics Research Ethics and Regulatio\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Seoul National University Press 2005), 112-133.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780616}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid9730513 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8419638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, wh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 en}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188285 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12866857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12866857 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean branch of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1913763 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 CL}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ONAID}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'99}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16385895 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16385895 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 
\chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Clonaid}{\cs23\hich\af0\insrsid6303345\charrsid270564 \'99}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  is }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a self-described human cloning company. It is openly associated with the Ra}{\hich\af558\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f558 \'eb}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 lian Movement, which }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 see}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 s cloning as part of the path to immortality}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " (f}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 rom Wikipedia}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .com catchword "Clonaid"). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5989907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
announced that they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 already cloned human }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15150061 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embryos}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and implanted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15150061 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 them}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12866857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in three Korean surrogate mothers}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  uteruses}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12866857 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid270564 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Sangjo, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12866857 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Three Koreans are Pregnant: They will be born i\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n Six Months according to Clonaid}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, Kukminilbo, Jul. 23, 2002 (Language: Korean). However, this news as well as Clonaid's other announcements on success of human cloning has been never verified by scientific evidence, and the company's actual existence itse\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
lf is under suspicion. Raja Mishra, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Little behind Clonaid,}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  F}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 iles }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 R}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eveal}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Boston Globe}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Apr}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 il.}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  23, 2003}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4546614 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and later }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14962354 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 declared that}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a cloned baby }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 named}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 "Eve" }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had been}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  born, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 both }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ministries }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and legislators }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1180398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 recognized the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
dire need to prohibit human cloning, and agreed on a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8419638 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 single}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  draft,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16409455 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16409455 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For the general overview of the law, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Pak, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780616 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 37}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 180-212; and Kim, Mikyoung, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTERE\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 F _Ref135780534 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003500330034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 26}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 682-685. For more detailed comparison of each draft and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 legislative}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  process, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Gwak}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9843032 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Sunheon, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid28063 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Legislation of Bioethics and Safety Act and Policy Issues}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, Technological Trends in Health Industry (2003-winter), 152-162 (Langua\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ge: Korean). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mostly following the Ministry of Health and Welfare }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6582158 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 version}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6582158 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 leaving }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  some }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 possibilities}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14837695 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16208810 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16190329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rapeutic cloning}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16409455 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 This was deemed as a major setback by bioethicists who had opposed human cloning generally.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The Bioethics and Safety Act passed the National Assembly on Dec}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  29, 2003, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14962354 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2236103 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 promulgated on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2236103 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  29, 2004, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and took effect on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5704580 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1, 2005.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14837695 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref135780686}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 The Bioethics and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 S}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
afety Act of Korea, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Jan. 29, }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2004}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , A}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
ct No. 7150 (took effect on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Jan. 1, }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2005 and was revised in minor detail by Act No. 7413}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , o
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n March 24, }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2005)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Available online in English at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14837695 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.moleg.go.kr/english/09/view.html?folder=_04_06_1&code=948773847149.xml}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " 
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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 (last visited on March 24,\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16543265 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135780686}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Important provisions of the Act }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 include}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 : }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776\charrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 establish}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ment of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776\charrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the National Bioethics\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Committee to deliberate on matters concerning the establishment of major policies respecting bioethics and safety in biotechnology, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under the President;}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11998301 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 6-10.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 2) general prohibition of human cloning;}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11998301 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 11-12.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11998301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3) prohibition of human sperm or egg trading;}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11998301 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 13 (3).}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11998301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  4}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) permissio\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 using residual embryos}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11998301 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 17.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 transplanting the nucleus of a somatic cell}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2892329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  into a human egg}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11998301 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 22 (1).}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for treatment of rare or incurable diseases under the review of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
National Bioethics Committee and the approval of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Minister of Health\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and Welfare}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11998301 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5785322 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Art. 23.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11998301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16479282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 5}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5785322 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) regulation of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gene therapy}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the DNA bank}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11998301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 6}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5790674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) criminal punishment}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for the violation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5785322 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 of the Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2556776\charrsid2556776 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid6249947 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135782336}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6249947 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 One}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  notable}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  clause is }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 its }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6249947 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
ddenda (3). It states that, "if a person who is carrying out research on somatic cell cloning embryos for research \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
purposes referred to in subparagraph 2 of Article 17 at the time of the entry into force of this Act meets the requirements of the following subparagraphs, he/she may continue to conduct such research with approval therefor from the Minister of Health and
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Welfare: 1. He/She has been conducting research on somatic cell cloning embryos for not less than three years; and 2. His/Her research on somatic cell cloning embryos has been published in }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6249947 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  related scientific journal at least once."}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  As we shall later see,
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang got the approval to conduct stem cell research directly from the Minister of Health and Welfare based on this clause, not through the review of National Bioethics Committee. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8337851 
{\*\bkmkend _Ref135782336}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14232449\charrsid8337851 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid8416999 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1314140 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was formed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on April 7, 2005, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16126679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more than three months after the Bioethics and Safety Act and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16126679 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Pres\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
idential Decree took effect on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16126679 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1, 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Following }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16479282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Act}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16479282 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16479282 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Bioethics and Safety Act, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid96187 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  NOTEREF _Ref135780686\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  \\h }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600380036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 42}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Art. 7.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16479282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and the Decree}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1314140 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Presidential Decree for the Bioethics and Safety Act}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5050626 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 2, Dec. 30, 2004, Presidential Decree No. 18621. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the NBC was formed, co}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8084004 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mposed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seven M}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inisters }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 form related }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  department}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seven}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  persons }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 much professional knowledge and research experience }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 life scien\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ces or medicine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who represent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  academic}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researc}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or industrial circles}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , or}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientists}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14894800 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seven}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  persons }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who represent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14052651\charrsid8416999 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 religious, philosophical, ethical, social science or legal circles, non-governmental organizations or women}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12331378 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12331378 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12331378 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Chungwadae (Office of the President, Republic of Korea) Briefing }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  7, 2005. Available }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 online}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in Korean at }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid1314140 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=news_data&id=f5183aa9a3994d5ef9425734}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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740061005f00690064003d006e006500770073005f0064006100740061002600690064003d006600350031003800330061006100390061003300390039003400640035006500660039003400320035003700330034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=news_data&id=f5183aa9a3994d5ef9425734}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  25, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1314140 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5251276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4341476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is was the regulatory\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  structure }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9774610 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in place }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4341476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
when Dr. Hwang and his team conducted stem cell research.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4532399 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid4288796 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6557473 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780217}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780304}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783275}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The regulatory and ethical problems of Dr. Hwang's Human Embryonic }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4341476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Stem Cell }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4288796 {\*\bkmkend _Toc135780217}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780304}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783275}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid4341476 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5050626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5050626 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5050626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s human embryonic stem cell research began in 2002. It was a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 transi}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tional }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5050626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 per\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 iod }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when biomedical and scientific policies changed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  laissez faire}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12067208 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  approach }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12067208 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 promulgation of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 strict}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 er}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12067208 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 people}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15997412 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s attitudes ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12067208 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1145626 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 progressed as rapidly. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This discrepancy caused many problems in executing the laws and regulations.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid4288796 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5580505 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780218}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780305}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783276}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Background{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780218}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780305}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783276} 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid5309995 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757\charrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Woo Suk}{\cs23\f0\insrsid681988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11146733 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 former }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid681988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 professor of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid681988\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of Veterinary Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid681988\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Seoul National University}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9195280 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15150061 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 He was \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 dismissed from the university on March 20, 2006 due to this scandal. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9195280 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15300108 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 already }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 achieved }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15300108 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 re}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16663836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nown}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16012994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  as a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15300108 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  veterinary scientist}{\cs23\f0\insrsid863091 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11732754 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid863091 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11146733 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in 1999}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  when he }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14644372 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announce}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d that his team succeeded in cloning\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  cows, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14644372 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  acquired national fame}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14644372 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid6245241 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Korea Times, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 upra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780846 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003800340036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 32}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14644372 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It was the fi}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 th success of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12139157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mammalian }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cloning by the SCNT }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the world, and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241\charrsid6245241 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was}{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
praised}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241\charrsid6245241 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245241\charrsid6245241 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean public}{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 welcome}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  news}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 boost}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ational morale}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at had been quite low since the economic c}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 risis }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  late 1990s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e did not submit any paper}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid614399\charrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and did not keep scientific records}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7092298 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781012}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Hwang admitted in an interview with a producer of "PD Notebook," a news magazine of MBC (Munhwa Broadcasting Corpora\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
tion, one of the three major broadcasting corporations in South Korea) that he did not keep careful records of his cow }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cloning}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 research. According to his own explanation, he thought his research did not have major scientific importance }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 because}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  papers on ma
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
mmalian cloning had already been published by other researchers; he was not sure the experiment would succeed; and he could not acquire accurate DNA inspection records as there was no molecular biologist who could conduct the DNA fingerprinting }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in his team}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at that time. PD Notebook of MBC, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "How }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang Woo}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  S}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 uk Myth ha}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  been }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 M}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ade}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ," }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 broadcasted on Jan. 10, 2006 23:05-24:00 (GMT+9}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 00}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Language: Korean).   }}
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135781012}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the results}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
could not be scientific}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ally reviewed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3305293 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3305293 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Due to the lack of scientific records,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid7092298 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3305293 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
after the outbreak of the scandal}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3305293 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  many people began to suspe\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ct that this research might have also been fake
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3305293 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 . But considering }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the fact that }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3305293 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang succeeded in cloning a dog in 2005, this cow cloning might have also been truthful.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 The problem here is not its truthfulness but the government's reckless funding bas\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ed on research that had not been properly peer-reviewed. Academic earmarking or pork-barreling has been criticized in the United States, too. }
{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11146733 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  James D. Savage, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11146733 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Funding Science in America
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Cambridge University Press 1999).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Still,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government officials }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and politicians }{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were eager }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to support}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7420574 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  further research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid614399 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 share the acc}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 olades
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3305293 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with him. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Fr\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 om Sep}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7614674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1, 1999 to Aug}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11146733 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ust}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  31}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5125721 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2000}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5125721 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Board of Audit and Inspec
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 tion of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2294907 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003900370035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1-15.}}}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  he was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 given }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fund}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2294907 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing totaling}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  approximately }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 $}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1.6}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 million from the Ministry of Science and Technology for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  project }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seeking to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mass-produc}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  high-capacity dairy cows by }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11146733 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 SCNT}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751537 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11357653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nobody question}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  whether it would be prop\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 er to offer government funding }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355\charrsid5991355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research that ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5991355\charrsid5991355 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  not be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 en properly peer}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reviewed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11146733 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hough the project failed completely}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , Dr. Hwang's reputation remained intact}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12728552\charrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12728552 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12728552 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's research lab and the National Livestock Research Institute under Dr. Hwang}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s technical advice produced the alleged cloned cow embryos, and t}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 he government }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
readily}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  provided \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 dairy farms }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 with these embryos }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 until Sep}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 tember}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  2001}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . However, }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a follow-up inspection}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  by the National Livestock Research Institute}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  in Oct}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ober}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  2001 revealed that only 77 among 838 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 embryos had been}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 successfully }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 implanted }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in the surrogate cows' uteri, from }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 whi\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ch}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 only 39 calves were born}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Further DNA inspections revealed that among those 39 calves only 6}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  calves }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 were grown from the embryos produced by SCNT, and }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 all other calves were}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 grown from embryos produced by }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 common in-vitro fertilization}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 because}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the veterin\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ary technicians implanted multiple embryos produced by different methods in a single uterus to raise the success rate.}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  This plan was }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eventually }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9312020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 abandoned}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 after the inspection. PD Notebook of MBC, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "How Hwang Woo}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  S}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 uk Myth ha}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  been }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 M}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ade}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14227076 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15864263 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOT\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 EREF _Ref135781012 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
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\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12728552\charrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Unlike many other scientists who confined themselves }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1395486 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research lab, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang was \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proved to be talented }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8336516 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 public relations}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He often }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 invited}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  reporters to his lab and showed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5013184 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his experiments. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12978866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He hired professional photographers for his press releases. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e announced his research plan}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12978866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s regularly, such as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attempt}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to clone }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the nearly\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extinct }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Siberian}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  tiger}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  national symbol of Korea,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433\charrsid7018433 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7018433 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from a tiger cell donated by the North Korean government}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7018433 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid263024 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Doo-hyong}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722572 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Mt. Paektu Tiger to Be Cloned}{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid263024 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://search.hankooki.com/times/times_view.php?term=cow+clone++&path=hankooki1/times/200010/t20001003171221401134
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to make genetically engineered}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8475932\charrsid1575096 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cows}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6836572\charrsid6836572 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6836572 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 are resistant}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6836572 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to mad cow disease}{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Tae-gyu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722572 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Researchers Clone Calves Resistant to Mad Cow Disease}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Ko\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rea Times Dec. 10, 2003. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13462770 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13462770 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ttp://}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13462770 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13462770 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/200312/kt2003121016415810160.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ttp://}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/200312/kt2003121016415810160.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on March 27, 2006). He had been given $5.5 million\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in funding for the }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8475932 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 gnotobiotic (sterilized) miniature pigs and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 $4.3 million for the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8475932 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cows that }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supposedly }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8475932 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ha}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8475932 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  resistance to mad cow disease}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
. But he submitted no paper on the two alleged successes of research projects and they have been never verified. The \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003900370035000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1-15. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  These }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 we\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ll-timed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  announcements }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 kept Dr. Hwang in the public's eye and led to}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 huge }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13384393 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amount}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13384393 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12978866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14227076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 al}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12978866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 funding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and private donations}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proved to be an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
active public lecture}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13392301 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He conveyed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
his}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  message with finesse}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15864263 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , suggesting}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that the future of \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the nation depended on the development of biotechnology, and more }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governmental}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and public support should be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 forthcoming}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . His }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 often cited comments, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14887555 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such as "though science has no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188406 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 border}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , a }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientist}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  does}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12728552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have a nationality}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,"}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9188406 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  emphasize}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9188406 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  his patriotism\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 while hits remark, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "my }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 calendar}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  has only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mon-tue-we}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9854144 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -thu-fri-fri-fri }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 --}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6169102 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  there is no Saturday or Sunday" }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 underscored his tireless efforts. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14227076 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14316056 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 frequently met with p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14227076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 atients suffering from }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14227076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cura}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14227076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ble diseases}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gave them hope}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, saying that in ten years \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 treatments }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to help them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
developed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  through the stem cell research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3232902 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Though he did not directly assure that he was the one who would cure such incurable diseases, many patients believed so based on his lectures and assertions,
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and gave him unprecedented support.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12258778 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15011460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 acquired }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 national fame }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 through such activities }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 maintained close ties with the Minister of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4805228 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Information and Communication}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4675757 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Secretary to the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  President for Policy Coordinati
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11489111 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the Advisor to the President for Information, Science and Technology. He even met }{\cs23\f0\insrsid263024 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 President }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12139157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Roh Mu Hyun }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232902 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in person }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 secured a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  promise of support}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  With such }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 renown and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
relationships, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  could }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 freely }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proceed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to conduct }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his research under the\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  auspices}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \tab {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780219}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780306}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783277}
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 b. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14756538 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ethical and Regulatory}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  problems relat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7604599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 paper{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780219}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780306}
{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783277}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid16607573 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 On Feb}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ruary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  12, 2004, Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5132267\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Woo Suk }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and his research team announced}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4525383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 succeeded in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11090760\charrsid6437105 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4144383\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem cell line from a\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  cloned human blastocyst}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .\'94}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid15663563 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781070}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15663563 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid12659791 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid12659791 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 Woo Suk et al., }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12659791 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst}{\i\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\cs20\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 o}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 riginally published in Science Express on 12 February 2004}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ;}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Science 12 March 2004: Vol. 303. no. 5664,\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  pp. 1669 }{\cs20\hich\af558\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f558 \endash }{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  1674}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (retracted)}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 . }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hereinafter "2004 paper." }{
\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Available online at }{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid15625850 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5664/1669}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 March}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  10, 2006).}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15663563 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135781070}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This meant that they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 succeeded}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 creat}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human embryo through cloning}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extracted embryonic stem cells}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for the first time in the world. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2379782 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12659276\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hey }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 allegedly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12659276\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 used 242 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12659276\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unfertilized}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12659276\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human eggs extracted from 16 do\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
nors, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273\charrsid2057273 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
removed the genetic material from the eggs and replaced it with genetic material obtained from cumulus cells, the adult cells that cling to eggs.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2057273 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781082}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gina Kolada, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Cloning Creates Human Embryos}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Feb. 12, 200}{\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4 }{\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid8282945 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 N}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ew}{\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid8282945 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Y}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ork}{
\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Times}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  A1}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273\charrsid2057273 
{\*\bkmkend _Ref135781082}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Among them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grew 30 blastocysts, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  20 }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inner}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  cell masses were removed, and one stem cell line wa\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s grown among th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2828197\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  masses}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5773866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , according to their announcement and their paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid2057273 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2057273 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang e\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 t al., }
{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2057273\charrsid2057273 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Their work stunned the world}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and was widely accepted as truthful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid6245818 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6245818 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gina Kolada, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781082 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000380032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 63}}}{\cf1\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 .}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Some scientists envied the research environment of South Korea where }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
less regulation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 existed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such a large \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scale of egg donation was available.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid6245818 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6245818 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14312216 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gina Kolada, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781082 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000380032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 63}}}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 . }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 According to the New York Times Interview with Dr. Lanza of }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 The }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Advanced\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Cell Technology}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , the company}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 advertised}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  to pay $4,000 for the unfertilized egg donation, but could get only 19 eggs with }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 just a few donors.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13045874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 any bioethicists expressed their }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 concern}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13045874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 that this success would open the door to the "slippery slope" }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14036598 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human cloning and human enhancement.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9772882 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9772882 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For a stance of strict regulation of stem cell research, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4148131 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see, e.g.,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The President}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Council on Bioethics, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7819951 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Human\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.bioethics.gov/reports/cloningreport/}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.bioethics.gov/reports/cloningreport/}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
April. 21, 2006). For a more }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supportive}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  stance, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4148131 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see, e.g.,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  The United Kingdom Parliament Select Committee on Stem Cell Research, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research Repor}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6163927 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Feb. 13, 2002. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13045874 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /ld200102/ldselect/ldstem/83/8301.htm}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 {\*\datafield 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  21, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772882 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Leon Kass, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an ethicist famous for his anti }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 human}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cloning stance,}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid6245818 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6245818 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 For his strong anti-cloning argument, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid1270657 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 see}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid16459143 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Leon R. Kass, }{\scaps\insrsid6303345\charrsid8282945 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Life, Liberty and the Defense o\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f Dignity }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16459143 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Encounter Books, }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16459143 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2002)}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , especially chapter 5.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  wor\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13045874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ied }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8282945 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 about }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the looming possibility of actual human cloning}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in an e-mail interview with the }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid8282945 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 New York Times}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid6245818 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Kass said in his e-mail }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 message to the New York Times}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid4095870 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 t}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4095870 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
he age of human cloning has apparently arrived: today, cloned blastocysts for research, tomorrow cloned blastocysts for babymaking}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4095870 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 "}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  and tha\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 t }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16459143 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
n my opinion, and that of the majority of the Council, the only way to prevent this from happening here is for Congress to enact a comprehensive ban or moratorium on all human cloning."}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Kolada, }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 supra}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {
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\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15299888 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3303686 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As well as the general opposition on the human embryonic stem cell research, m}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8282945 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ore specific ethical criticism}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8282945 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  raised }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10448976 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786225 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean bioethicists}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14907506 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781200}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8458842 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Korean \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Bioethics Association}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4095870 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Declaration: }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4095870 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Research in medical science and biotechnology must be conducted in accordance with bioethical principles}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
, May 22, 2004 (available online at }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8458842 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.koreabioethics.net/}{\insrsid6303345 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Young-Mo, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542852 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A research ethics-based analysis of the Korean scientists' human embryonic}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542852 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 stem cell research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6035678 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
the Journal of the Korean Bioethics Association}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  5-1 (Jun. 2004) 1-12 (Language: Korean. Its summary is available in English\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.Koreabioethics.net/}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 5-1/5.pdf}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  27, 2006); and Song}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9914410 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Sang-yong et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1268677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research in Korea}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1268677 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14907506\charrsid10491189 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135781232}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14907506 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 David Cyra\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 noski}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345\charrsid16271569 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Korea's stem-cell stars dogged by suspicion of ethical breach}{\i\lang9\langfe1042\langnp9\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid16271569 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nature 429, 3 (May 6}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 
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 HYPERLINK "}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid16271569 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v429/n6987/full/429003a.html}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 may}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  be summarized as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid25693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 :}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6245818 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2379782 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10833914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) Suspicions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 about }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg donation
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
) ambiguous records on research funding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3) insufficient review by}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232902 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 4}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5798088 
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\cs23\f0\insrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to oversee }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid10833914 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1) Suspicions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
about}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10833914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  egg donation
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and his team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4608262 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stated in the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10299084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supporting online material of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4608262 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
2004 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1638647 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4608262 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0   }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "1) d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10299084\charrsid10299084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
onors were voluntarily donating oocytes and cumulus cell}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10299084\charrsid10299084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (including DNA) for therapeutic cloning r\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
esearch }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'85}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10299084\charrsid10299084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with no financial }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740\charrsid10299084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 payment}{
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 neither}{\cs23\f0\insrsid542852\charrsid542852 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  donors nor their family, relatives, or associates may benefit from this research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12999630 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 upp}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 lementary Materials for }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2004 paper at 1. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12999630 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1094515/DC1/1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visite\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d on March 30, 2006) }
}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3499017 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen he claimed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4608262 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  used 242 eggs }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9772495 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from 16 donors and not a single egg had been purchased}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3499017 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 many p\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eople }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 argued}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
that it was unrealistic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o many women }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gone}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the painful egg }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 procurement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  procedure }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 without compensation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15205719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15675492 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raised the 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 possibility that those}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  eggs might have been purchased}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, violating the then existing guidelines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  against egg tra\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12999630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid542852 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid542852 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8458842 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Korean Bioethics Association}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; Koo}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9914410 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Young-Mo, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
; Song Sang-yong et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
; Cyranoski, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  f\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ootnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781232 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200330032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 71}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
; and also Lee}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9914410 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Pilryeol, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4411916 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Professors Times}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Feb. 23, 2004 (Language: Korean). Prof. Lee said in his column that it was }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 unbelievable}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  that more than ten women }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 voluntarily}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  came to the lab, got the hormone injection, got 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 diagnosed, and later opened their bodies (for egg extraction). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7810675 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another claim was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid671062 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg donations by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 vulnerable}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  subjects. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 David Cyranoski of }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid4331859\charrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
claimed that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  female r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esearcher in Dr. Hwang's team stated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in an interview with }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid4331859\charrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 she, along with another}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  female researcher}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  donated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eggs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  themselves}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4331859 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Cyranoski, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781232 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200330032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 71}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
. When he first interviewed one female researcher, she said that she and another female researcher had donated their eggs. When the \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ethical problems related to the donation by vulnerable subjects arose after the interview, she denied her previous statement, and Dr. Hwang explained that there had been no egg-donation by the researchers and her previous answer was due to a misunderstand
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 i\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ng of English. Cyranoski, later at an interview with}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5071676 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
MBC's PD Notebook, stated that when he asked a female researcher how they could get so many eggs to be used for the research, she answered, "I don't know of other cases, but I can say why I donated my eg\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
gs," and at his repeated questions, she reconfirmed that she had donated her eggs. PD Notebook of MBC, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid942463 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Myth of Hwang Woo}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  S}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid942463 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 uk and Suspicions over Eggs}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , broadcast }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid942463 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Nov. 22, 2005}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4331859 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 These }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5065006 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  serious }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
assertions and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 accusations. First,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  though}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Bioethics and Safety Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 yet }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been effectuated, which p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rohibit}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ova-trading }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criminal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 punishment, many people thought }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  restrain }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 themselves }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892\charrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from purchasing }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13045874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , especially for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethically }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13045874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
contentious stem cell research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3605734 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3605734 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The United Kingdom also prohibits egg-trading for human embryonic stem cel\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 l }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3605734 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 S}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6163927 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ee}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Select Committee on Stem Cell Research (under The United Kingdom Parliament), }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6163927 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research Report}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Feb. 13, 2002, Chapter 8.23, stating, "w}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6163927 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
e recommend that the separation of clinical and research roles be standard practice for donatio\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
n of eggs or embryos. The prohibition in the United Kingdom of payment to donors for gametes has been an important element in preventing undesirable commercialisation of this aspect of assisted reproduction and should be strictly maintained.}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " Available onl\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ine at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6163927 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/ldstem/83/8309.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 {\*\datafield 
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2f00700061002f006c0064003200300030003100300032002f006c006400730065006c006500630074002f006c0064007300740065006d002f00380033002f0038003300300039002e00680074006d000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bb400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e00700061
0072006c00690061006d0065006e0074002e007400680065002d00730074006100740069006f006e006500720079002d006f00660066006900630065002e0063006f002e0075006b002f00700061002f006c0064003200300030003100300032002f006c006400730065006c006500630074002f006c006400730074006500
6d002f00380033002f0038003300300039002e00680074006d000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/ldstem/83/8309.htm}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  21, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  until the Act t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid343143 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oo}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 k effect on January 1, 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1665892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In addition,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10162873 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  there were other }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 applicable}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to Dr. Hwang's research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10162873 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
clearly prohibited researchers from purchasing egg\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s or sperm. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11298458\charrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KMA's }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid3763460\charrsid5065006 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Guidelines on Research of Cloning Lives}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 issued}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460\charrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 May 1999 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 strictly prohibit}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 trading of sperm}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460\charrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , eggs or somatic cells}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3763460 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Korean Medical A\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ssociation, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781275 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200370035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 33}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Art. 8 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3763460 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 2. As well as the egg trading, the KMA  suspended any experiment on human embryos until an authoritative }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 governmental}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 policy on this issue is established. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460\charrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16449892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KMA's guidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 appli}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5595498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the very }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 least to the co-researche}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  who had medical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5595498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 license}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5595498 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5595498 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Especially Dr. }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Moon}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5132267 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Shin Yon\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 g}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , the other corresponding author, was a renowned physician. Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1669.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were bound to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3763460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
abide by the guidel}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9378603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 aying for the eggs would }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 en}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 violation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15297256 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2901125 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Also }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid270564\charrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid270564\charrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Commit}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid270564\charrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tee }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Guidelines for Review of Research Proposals}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 appl}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ied}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to a research that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 receive}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  grant}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tem Cell Research Center of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734\charrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prohibited }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg-trading.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12334709 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  T}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid270564 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 he Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee Guidelines for Review of Research Proposals}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1.5) states, "[e]mbryos to be d\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 onated for research should not be offered in consideration of monetary or any other compensation." Pak, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780616 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 37}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 128. }}
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  As we see 2) infra, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it was quite possible that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had been awarded }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such grants. 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Second, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KGCP stipulate}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3605734 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463\charrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 pecial attention should be paid to trials that may inc\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lude vulnerable subjects}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463\charrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ndividuals whose willingness to volunteer in a clinical trial may be unduly influenced by the expectation, whether justified or not, of benefits associated with participation, or of a retaliatory response from senior members of a
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  hierarchy in case of refusal to participate}{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , such }{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463\charrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
medical, pharmacy, dental, and nursing students, subordinate hospital and laboratory personnel}{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ).}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9598719 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The KGCP, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781345 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300340035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 12}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Art. 7 }{
\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid942463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid270564 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9598719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 drew its origins}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9598719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from the Declaration of Helsinki, Art. 8}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9598719 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598719 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  World Medical Associ\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ation}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 DECLARATION OF HELSINKI}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 8 states, "s}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 pecial attention is also required for those who cannot give or refuse consent for themselves, for those who may be subject to giving consent u\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 nder duress}{
\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'85}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9598719 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000002300000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006d0061002e006e00650074002f0065002f0070006f006c006900630079002f00620033002e00680074006d000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b460000006800740074007000
3a002f002f007700770077002e0077006d0061002e006e00650074002f0065002f0070006f006c006900630079002f00620033002e00680074006d000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on March 30, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9598719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  one of the fundamental ethical rule}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16199138 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5071676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 set }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the protection of human subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9598719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Therefore, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  accusation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of donation from vulnerable subjects }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 invoked stronger reaction}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
international}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  scientific society}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12608889 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  than egg trading}{\cs23\f0\insrsid270564 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hile}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12334709 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg trading has been permitted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as an economic activity }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or a due c\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ompensation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in some countries including the United States, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 abuse o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f vulnerable subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  is too reminiscent of notorious incidents in the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12808843 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 history of human experiments. 
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 responded}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  experiments complied with all existing in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ternational }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 outh }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical rules, rebutting}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4337119 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid11565816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's claim is totally groundless. I swear none of my students donated eggs fo}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r the research. For some reason}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the journal i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s trying to undermine our study}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ''}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12741620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12741620 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid14903968 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Tae-gyu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid5013184 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Cloning Scientist Rebuffs Nature Journal's Claim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times May 9, 2004. Availa\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ble online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12741620 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12741620 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ttp://}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12741620 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12741620 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/tech/200405/kt2004050917134611780.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/tech/200405/kt2004050917134611780.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on March 30, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and Dr. Moon }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
criticized the Korean Bioethics A\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ssociation as "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in our opinion, not neutral and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 advocat}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 es}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  restricti}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ng the pace of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954\charrsid11298458 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 biomedical advancements, viewing new techniques as threats to society}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ."}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid27954 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang, Woo Suk & Moon, Shin Yong, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1268677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Stem Cell Resea\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rch in Korea}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1268677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Science 13 August 2004: 944-945}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620\charrsid12741620 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nevertheless,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  not present}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4337119 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  any }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  evidence}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15675492 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to back up}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  his assertion}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on the groun\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that the i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6694556 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dentit}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ies}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6694556 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  egg donors should be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9914410 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 kept }{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 confidential}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 to protect them}{\cs23\f0\insrsid27954 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12741620 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4337119 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Considering all these disputes, the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korean }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4337119 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
government and the IRB of Hanyang University Hospital that reviewed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang's research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4337119 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 initiated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  an investigation \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on the ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and legality of the egg donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  at that time}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . But they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nothing. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Le}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t alone }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 launch}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9914410 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an investigation, Park }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kiyoung, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Advisor}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to the President for Information, Science and Technology}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11670361 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
advocated the research herself, asserting "all the\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 issues}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 already }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been settled }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when Dr. Hwang published the paper in }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid1007054\charrsid6694556 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Science}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and he went through all the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6694556 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulatory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 procedure}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1007054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the IRB review."}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid483737 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Gang Yanggu & Jeonhong}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14903968 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Gihye, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 P}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 k}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 K}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 iyou}{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ng Bojwagwan "Hwang}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Woo Suk}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid6694556 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Gyosu Yeongu Munje Eopseo"
}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid483737 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Advisor Park}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid483737 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  "There's No Problem }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 with}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid483737 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Hwang's Research"}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Pressian, May 27, 2004. (Language: Korean) Avail\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 able online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid483737 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.pressian.com/scripts/section/article.asp?article_num=30040527142025&s_menu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 =}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid483737 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-16212\'bb\'e7\u-10612\'c8\'b8}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on March 30, 2006). }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 From }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 then }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 forward, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donation issue ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  never received government }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attention }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13989341 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 until the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nse\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the scandal. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1470765 {\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6694556 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 recent}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid90467 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the NBC}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid483737 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid483737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bio\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1-38. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13764809 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13764809 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid13764809 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 110-113.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  has revealed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 so many problems }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 including }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg trading and egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6428295 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donation from vulnerable subjects. According to the NBC's intermediary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 report}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13764809 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the S
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eoul Central District Prosecutors' Office's final report}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6957728 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
following facts were revealed:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx720\jclisttab\tx760\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin760\itap0\pararsid8342673 {\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 F}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rom Nov}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11364678 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5194910 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  24, 2002 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dec}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11364678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  24, 2005 more than 2,200 eggs from 1}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11364678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 38}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  women were donated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang's }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lab}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11364678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  through four hospitals}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6957728 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11364678 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11364678 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
How many eggs were used for each paper is still unclear, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 because}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
's research team have kept no proper records on the receipt, use, and destruction of eggs except for several researchers' personal research notes. National Bioethics }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Committee}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at 11. It is at least certain th\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at the total number would far exceed the 350 eggs Hwang claimed to have used for the 2004 and 2005 papers.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  among them more than }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2129483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 9\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 7 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 women were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10030442 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 monetarily compensated}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11364678 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital paid 71 donors 
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 approximately}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  $1,500 per donor from 2002 to 2004. Dr. Rho Sungil, the director of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , refused to furt\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
her cooperate for fear of being criminally charged for illegal egg trading under the Bioethics and Safety Act since January 2005, and Dr. Hwang's team }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 instead}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  relied on the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hanna Women}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 '}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Clinic}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , which received egg donations from its own infertility patient\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
s, and provided compensation to 25 of them by discounting or exempting them from the in vitro fertilization fee (approx. $1,800 to $2,300 per person). Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 118-120.   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid483737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and some of them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6694556 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2129483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 introduced t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid483737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hrough }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11364678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid483737 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  "egg-broker}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid483737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid483737 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote 1 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  17. The egg broker (CEO of the DNA BANK) was later convicted for the illegal egg trading, and the director of }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hanna Women}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 '}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Clinic}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  was also indicted for the violation of the Bioethics and Safety Act and \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is now awaiting trial.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10030442 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 18-19.   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12063321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx720\jclisttab\tx760\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin760\itap0\pararsid8342673 {\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wo }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 junior }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 women researchers in the team also donated 31 eggs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15665141 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 One researcher who had donated her eggs expressed her exasperation}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10569095 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in the following e-mail message: "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15665141 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8230\'a1\'a6}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 though it was I who started it,
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  I'm scared. General anesthesia, self cloning (it's inconceivable--cloning using my own eggs--how tough I am)}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'85}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  I shouldn't have done it this way, not giving up [my position] (in the research team) until the end, not fighting }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 against}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the professor. I will w\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ork harder to forgive myself}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'85}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
." National Bioethics }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Committee}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7819951 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at 34. Though the Prosecutor's Office concluded that there was no direct coercion of the female researchers by Dr. Hwang, there is no question that\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 the procedures were still highly unethical. Dr. Hwang even requested signatures of the 15 women researchers in his team on the informed consent form for ova donation and kept the form, which suggests that he wanted his female researchers to donate eggs. 
}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7819951 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . at 22-24.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid2129483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx720\jclisttab\tx760\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin760\itap0\pararsid8342673 {\cs23\f0\insrsid2129483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 More than }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1,500 eggs }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2129483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 procured from 92}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 women at the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  completely lacked }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB r\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eview}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2129483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg donation conducted at the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hanna Women}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 '}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s Clinic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  lacked review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 compensation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  paid}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1470765 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10030442 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 120-122.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ost of the egg donors were offered insufficient information }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regarding possible }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  side}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 effects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6123097 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and prospective and retrospective protection of patients f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12009527 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rom \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6123097 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 effects were also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6123097 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
sufficient}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid6123097 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Among 92 women who donated their eggs through }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8285202 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  15 women suffered from }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6123097 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and among them t\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
wo women were even hospitalized. But as donations at Mizmedi have not received any sort of IRB review, these }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3964155 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 side effect}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
s were not reported or ever inspected. And Dr. Hwang let the 15 women researchers in his team sign the informed consent form for ova don\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ation from the beginning. National Bioethics Committee, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  22-24. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nformed consent form}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8394579 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3374565 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  used }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for egg donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in four hospitals }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lacked proper explanation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the purpose of the research and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 potential }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 effects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid789891 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The informed consent forms that went through the IRB of Hanyang University Hospital for the research of the 2004 paper failed to mention sev\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
eral serious side effects such as infertility. The forms of three other hospitals where most of the egg extractions had been conducted were even less specific, only emphasizing that the ownership of the eggs belonged to the hospital. They presented only s
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 me of the possible side effects, or simply stated, "I have received all the information on the side effects. I hereby give my consent." and let the donors sign. National Bioethics Committee, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  21. Actually it\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 is not enough for the researchers to simply state the side effects. Recent guidelines on stem cell research ask for the presentation of information on the purpose of the research, how and where the eggs will be used, and the sources of research funding a
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d financial benefits the researchers might receive.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9840086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af20\langfenp1042\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -\tab}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n the early stage}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the research (May 2002 to June 2003) ovaria \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extracted by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
hysterectomy}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from 29 patients at Hanyang University Hospital }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lacked}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  patients'}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  informed consent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 completely}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10030442 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  120.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15416719 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The stem cell scandal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
frustrated and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enraged }{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 volunteer}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
donors who have endured }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 pain}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and ensuing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side effects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with the pride that \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 contribut}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to finding a cure for}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  serious diseases. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Those e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gg donors}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with the help of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 women's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  right}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  activists}{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10431551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 filed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4148131 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tort}{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  lawsuits against }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 where the ova had been procured, Hanyang University Hospital }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the reviewing\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB belong}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid524671 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean government }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who had the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 responsibility}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to supervise }{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid789891 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid789891 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid789891 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10030442 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Rahn}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10030442 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Ova Donors to File Compensation Suit}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times, Feb. 26, 2006. Available online at }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3751867 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .hankooki.com}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3751867 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/nation/200602/kt2006020617424810510.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200602/kt2006020617424810510.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1, 2006). And also Kim Miyoung, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nanja}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 chaechwi Geu}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 hu}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Hoe}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 hangwa Bunnoui \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14Gaewol}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (After the Ova Donation, 14 months of Remorse and Anger),}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Hankyoreh, April 21, 2006 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/health/117633.html#}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11684628 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  21, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  All }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 these problems could have been prevented, if the regulat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10114725 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ory system in place had functioned properly}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15693 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15466643 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2) Ambiguous Records on Research Funding
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8342673 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Man\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
y grants offered for stem cell research have restrictions based on the nature of the funds. T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he source of funding decides what rules and regulations to apply. For example, }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Aug}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid524671 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ust}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  9, 2001}
{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Bush Administration }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 decided that}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  federal funds would not be us\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed for the cloning of human embryos for any purpose}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid14315301 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\cf1\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Press Release, Office of the Press Secretary, }{\i\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid14315301 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Fact Sheet: Embryonic Stem Cell Research}{
\cf1\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (Aug. 9, 2001)}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available online}{\cf1\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  at http:// }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cf1\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010809-1.html" }{\cf1\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1, 2006).}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  except for research using the already existing 16 stem cell lines}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  derived under certain }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 specified }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conditions}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7933034 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  This }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 decision}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , however,}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  does not prohibit }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
stem cell research by a private company using priva\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 te funds.}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780534 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1254776 {\*\datafield 
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 at 661-662.}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Therefore,}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3431378 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 it is crucial to clarify what money has been used for what research. }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid90467 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The situation }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3431378 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  no different}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid90467 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in South Korea.}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11756559 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8418089 
\par }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \tab \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The 2004 paper elicited }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8342673 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in its footnote 30 }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that their study "}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was supported by grants from Advanced Backbone}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IT Techno\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 logy Development (grant IMT2000-C1-1) to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 [}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oo }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uk }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 H}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wang}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ]}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and the Stem Cell Research Center}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135782269}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4158828 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
The Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC) was established }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in 2002}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4158828 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  in Seoul National University for th\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
e purpose of organizing and operating nation-wide stem cell research project}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and intends to grant $138 million to various stem cell research projects}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4158828 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Another corresponding author of the 2004 paper, Moon}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7353089 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Shin Yong, had been the director of the Center since its establishment. }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7955418 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.stem.or.kr/}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 english/}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 1, 2006). On February 26, 2006 Dr. Moon was excluded from any further researc\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h grant by the Center due to this scandal.  }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135782269}\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (grant M102KL0100-02K1201-00223) to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 [}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hin }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Y}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ong }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oon]}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11565816 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid90467 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid90467 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  If so, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the research should have followed the }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Stem Cell Research Center Ethics }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Committee}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Guidelines for Revie\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 w of Research Proposals}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2901125 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Pak, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780616 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 37}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  128}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid16449892 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }}}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 issued by the Stem Cell Research Center in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2901125\charrsid16449892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  May 2003}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938\charrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As well as }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the statements in the }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 paper's footnote 30}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135\charrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
corroborating that the grants from the Stem Cell Research Center had been spent for this research, }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a government official\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's proud statement }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 found in the announcement to the}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2004 paper, "this world class pap}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
er by Dr. Hwang and Dr. Moon }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is related to the}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Stem Cell Research Center}{\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af558\insrsid15859938 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f558 \'85}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Stem Cell Research Center granted Dr. Moon approximately 1.9 million dollars}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and 500,000 dol\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lars of which has been u}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sed for this stem cell research.}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15859938 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Yonhap News, }{
\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16143135 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gwagibu, Sepo-Yeongu-E 10nyeongan 1cheon-Ssss-Eog-Won Tu-I\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b}{
\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4158828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ministry of Technology and Science will fund $150million on Stem Cell Research}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4158828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Chosunilbo, Feb. 12, 2004 (Language: Korean).}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15859938 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 
\par \tab \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee Guidelines for R}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 view of Research Proposals}{
\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Issued on May 9, 2003 and amended after the stem cell scandal on Feb. 17, 2006. }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  appl}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7818280 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to research awarded the Center's grant}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Pak, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 616 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 37}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 113.}}}
{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  then current }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Guidelines}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16350076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7818280 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 later }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amended}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  February 200\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 6) }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stipulate}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13466717 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that it }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
prohibited }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 produc}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human embryos for the purpose of stem cell research}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7818280 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee Guidelines for Review of R}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 search Proposals Art. 1 2). Pak, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 128.}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1385542 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embryos donated to the research should be derived from frozen surplus embryos produced for }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 infertility}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  treatment through in vitro fertilization that have \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been kept for more than }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 five}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  years and are soon to be discarded}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 1 3). }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and the research involved should be carried out in compliance with the provisions }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 et forth in these }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guidelines}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9897076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for stem cell research.}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Art. 2 1)(a).}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Therefore, no research by }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 SCNT}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  methods should have be\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 en conducted }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 using }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grant}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid14698413 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 offered by the}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15997449 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Stem Cell Research Center}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid9451100 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ironically, both Dr. Hwang and Dr. Moon were members of the Stem Cell Rese\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
arch Center Ethics Committee.}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2901125 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1575138 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Recognizing the problem, Dr. Hwang and Dr. Moon }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467652 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 later }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid1575138 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 denied the use of government }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16350076 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15228775 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 for their research. They explained }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15228775 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the grant from the Stem Cell Research Center was a }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mere }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15228775 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 technical grant}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af558\insrsid13911740 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f558 \'94}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Koo Young-mo, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 7.}}}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15228775 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in response to the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean Bioethics Association }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 what }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
term }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 technical grant meant}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15467652 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Korean Bioethics Association, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8874441 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have never given a proper answer. }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3363201 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his issue has not been investigated by the Stem Cell Research Cen}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid6821139 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ter or by its Ethics Committee}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and the o
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nly IRB}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440\charrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 involved}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, the IRB of Hanyang University Hospital, }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not ask}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15613415 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  source }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of research funding }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should be cited }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4805228 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 research}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4805228 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  protocol}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9913023 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9913023 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  49. }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid6821139 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16268007 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 If f}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unding}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16268007 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had been properly disclosed}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the applicable }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governing rules }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 might }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have been }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 determined}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the ea
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rly stage and }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oversight }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 might}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have been }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16268007 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid2185195 
\par }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8338653 \tab }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 never kept}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thorough }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 financial records }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  his research budget}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13788895 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and even laundered money}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15363106 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  seriously}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 impeded the accountability and transparency}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 surrounding his }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15491965 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11683440 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  monies}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  In 2006\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13466717\charrsid13466717 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13466717 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 vestigated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  governmental funds and private donations}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14750527 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Private donations received by }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14750527 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 the Korean Science Foundation}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  for Dr. Hwang and later sent to him.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 awarded}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9312150 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from 2001 to 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15467652 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003900370035000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1-3.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office also conducted a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13788895 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more thorough}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  investigation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang and his r\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esearch team's }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embezzlement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and fraud.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9706981 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Offic\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  89-117.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13788895 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Both institutions}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13788895 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 found}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
im to have}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  inappropriate}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ly}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  manage}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
d his}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14750527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mixed public }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and private }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12853329 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and his personal income }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 private bank accounts}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under his or third parties' names }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (all 63 }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 names in \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 total}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; most of the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 se}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  third parties were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ubordinate researchers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in his lab}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , graduate students under his direction, and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 relatives}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9312150 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 laundered money}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for himself}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extract}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12993973 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a considerable amount of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 c}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ash}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from one account }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
and depositing it to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 diffe\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11616355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  account}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9633892 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  repeatedly}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15467652 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  112-114.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15677240 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which made }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2626665 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2626665 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 almost impossible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 D}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12453812 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 spite }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
thorough investigation by the Board of Inspectors, $2.8 million }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remains }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2626665 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unexplained }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 among}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  $16.4 mi}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 llion in governmental grants and $}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 6.2 million }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 private donations }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 given }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4593041 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3093612 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  D\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2626665 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15467652 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Board of Inspectors, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003900370035000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  9.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14750527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 According to the investigation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12721414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2770475 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  conducted by relating authorities}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14750527 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. }{\loch\af0\insrsid14750527\charrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Gerald P. Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh, }{\loch\af0\insrsid14750527 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the corresponding coauthor of the second paper,}{\loch\af0\insrsid2770475 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was given }{\loch\af0\insrsid16268007 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 honoraria totaling $40,000 within a 15-month period from Dr. Hw\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ang \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  including $10,000 paid in}{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cash while attending a press conference following publication of the 2005 paper \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  amounts that}{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 seems to us as far above normal honoraria for consultation}{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid16268007 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid3093612 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid8876985 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135782649}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8876985 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Universi\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ty Of Pittsburgh}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Summary Investigative Report}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 On Allegations Of Possible Scientific Misconduc}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t o}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  t}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he Part }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Gerald P. Schatten, PH.}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12993973 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 D}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ., Feb. 8, 2006, p9.}}}{\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af12\insrsid8876985 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135782649}\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  furthermore, Dr. Hwang}{\loch\af0\insrsid16141389 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\loch\af0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 deposited $700,000 in his private savings ac\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 count;}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985\charrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8876985 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 
\chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  108-\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 109.}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  bought his wife a car worth $27,000;}{
\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8876985 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9904792 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 115.}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  donated $55,000 to politicians;}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8876985 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  116.}}}{
\loch\af0\insrsid3093612 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 handed }{\loch\af0\insrsid15467652 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 $}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2}{
\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 5}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,000 }{\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to $30,000 }{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
to the egg broker to }{\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 purchas}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\loch\af0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid15467652 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eggs}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985\charrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8876985 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9904792 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at 120.}}}{
\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  gave $30,000 to Kim Sunjong, }{\loch\af0\insrsid4593041 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 junior researcher and main actor in data fabrication }{\loch\af0\insrsid420444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at the wake of the\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cell scandal}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , probably to }{
\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ensure his secrecy}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid4332207 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9904792 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 108.}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and distributed }{
\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid4593041 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 $500,000 of the }{\loch\af0\insrsid4866052 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 money}{
\loch\af0\insrsid4593041 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  left in his checking account}{\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\loch\af0\insrsid4593041 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 to his co-researchers arbitrarily when the fabrication was revealed.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at 115.}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It is still unclear how much}{\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the sums spent was obtained f\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rom the research }{\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants, }{\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{
\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid12853329 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there is no way to }{\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 distinguish}{\loch\af0\insrsid12853329 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  public grants, private donations and his personal income }{\loch\af0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 combined in the }{\loch\af0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 63 private bank accounts}{
\loch\af0\insrsid4808302 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\loch\af0\insrsid12853329 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid14750527 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid16141389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8418089 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10833914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Insufficient }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8655874 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 R}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eview by the IRBs
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Bioethics and Safety Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10162873 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that mandates }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10162873 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB revi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ew did not directly apply to the 2004 paper.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10251456 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10251456 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2111314 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 The Bioethics and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 S}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2111314 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 afety Act of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780686 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600380036000000}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 42}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Addenda (1). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Many people }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 suspected }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that this }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11222913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 clause of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 one-year delay was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inserted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3879465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by Park}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8719797\charrsid8719797 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8719797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kiyoung}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3879465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the Advisor to the President, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 solely }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12192923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to give }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12192923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enough time }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
to finish the on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 going human embryonic stem cell research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for the 2004 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
. Still, there were other regulations and guidelines to follow, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251456 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  did not exempt }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2314940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Dr. Hwang's research from the IRB review.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0     }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15952302 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4225656 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 A. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB R}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eview}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on egg donation
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 A}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12933534 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extracting unfertilized eggs from women }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9904070 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12933534 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10371166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  non-therapeutic }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 clinical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12076778 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rial}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12933534 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on human subjects, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12933534 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 KGCP appl}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2963308 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ied}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12933534 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to the egg donation as a binding regulation. }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Therefore, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11304100 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 local }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11304100 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  institution }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8876985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in which}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11222913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  procurements were conducted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid404913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
should have followed the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  requirements}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mandated by the KGCP, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11222913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not least of all t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he d\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uty to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428\charrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 safeguard the rights, safety, and well-being of all trial subjects}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15011460 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 especially }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428\charrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 vulnerable subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15011460 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 )}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428\charrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
obtain and review important documents such as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428\charrsid11304100 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 written informed consent form(s) and consent form updates that the investigator proposes for use in\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the trial, subject recruitment procedures (e.g. advertisements), written informa}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tion to be provided to subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13906428 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11492348 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11492348 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 KGCP Art. 7 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11304100 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2. This is identical to ICH-GCP 3.1.2. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15496375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7501217 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 continuing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for at least once a year}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7501217 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12942858 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 KGC\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 P Art. 7 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12942858 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  5. This is identical to ICH-GCP 3.1.4.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12942858 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It was t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4808302 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he IRB of Hanyang University Hospital }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4808302 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reviewed the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4808302 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg d\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 onation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15664503 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for the 2004 paper.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15664503 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15664503 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4808302 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2959240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11625300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had already been established}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10371166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in place}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11625300 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5577053 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when the principal investigator}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5577053 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814\charrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Yunyoung}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid404913 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 She was an obstetrician/gynecologist at Hanyang University Hospital and also former Dean of Hanyang Medical School. Seoul Central Prosecuto\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
rs' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  121.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5577053 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 asked for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5577053 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 protocol }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5577053 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4148131 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 establishment and derivation of stem cells through somatic nuclear cell tr\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ansplant}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4148131 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 (the research for the 2004 paper)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in November 2002}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4148131 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The board}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 composed of 15 members, three }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
of wh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 om}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
were not doctors (a reverend, a nurse, and a pharmacist) and one }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was independent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the institution (a professor }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  another medical school)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seemed to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fulfill }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 structural }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 requirements of }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 \hich\f0 both KGCP Art. 8 \'a7}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1 and ICH}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 GCP 3.2.1. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The board }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also had its own }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14419948 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 internal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB Guidelines and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2378597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ), fulfilling KGCP Art. 8 \'a7}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2189850\charrsid2189850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 4.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11625300 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  46-47.  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11625300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16676782 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 here was no obstetrician/}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gynecolo\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gist}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  among the IRB members, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 although}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the principal investigator was a respected obstetrician/gynecologist and former Dean of the institution's own medical school.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14114067 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  12\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1-122.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Under this }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 arrangement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , a}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  thorough and impartial review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the local IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14114067 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was structurally im
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 possible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7805136 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7805136 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7805136 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 an IRB should have both scientific experts and impartial ethicists as its members }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 if it wishes }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7805136 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to conduct a balanced review. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Furthermore, most of the IRB members were busy doctors or professors}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  who had little time }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
to spare for the extra w\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ork. The}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sessions were held only once in a month}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  review}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more than ten protocols }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 within an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  hour}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and a half}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Subcommittees}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  composed of three }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 board }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
members conducted prior review}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11492348 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
it was not sufficient and the main sessions turned formalistic.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid154753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  121-122.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11410722 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 At the first review session on Nov}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11410722 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  5, 2002, the IRB}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , issuing a conditional approval}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 protocol}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11410722 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ordered the principal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigator}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11410722 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  submit }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 monthly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
intermediary reports on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 use of donated oocytes and informed consent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 forms }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12192923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 receive\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d from the patients}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15345250 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  48.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid404913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It was a proper order considering the controversial nature of the research and potential advers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid404913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14684286 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side effects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid404913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that might be experienced by the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid404913 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg donors. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 These reports, if submitted, would }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 provide}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  bas}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  continuing revi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ew for the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
propriety}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
and might have prevented the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers'}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 presented in }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2771633\charrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supra}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2). }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the order}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 never }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 complied }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigators }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nor }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9515471 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enforced by the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2696199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15345250 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  49.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Instead, on February 10, 2003, t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2376282 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB issued }{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unco\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nditional}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  approval }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the protocol}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even though the investigators had }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 never}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  submitted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 monthly }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 follow-up }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 report}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  so far. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 never }{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 admonished }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigators}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for their}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 noncompliance }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  its }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 subsequent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  sessions}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  protocol amendments}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 held }{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Apr
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 il}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10632850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  29, 2003 and Dec}{\cs23\f0\insrsid461271 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10632850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  24, 2003}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , respectively}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10632850 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could no}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  detect that ovaria of 29 patients extracted by hysterectomy had been used for the research }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 without any informed consent.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3173209 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Seoul Central Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote 
}{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTER\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 EF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  120.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB's hands-off a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ttitude}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
similarly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 appeared }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when it reviewed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 contents of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 first and second }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 protocol}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16132370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6112213 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amendment}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15345250 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at 44-45.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11418214 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he original protocol }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stated that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12192923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ov}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ovari}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extracted by the result of a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hysterectom}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9326914 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would be donated, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13398047 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amendments}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718\charrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extended the range of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11807683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donors to healthy non-patients}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12192923 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 If }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uch }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 important }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 content}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s of the protocol had been amended, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the informed consent form}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 subject recruitment proce}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1469121 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902\charrsid11304100 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s (e.g. advertisements),}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13398047 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902\charrsid11304100 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902\charrsid11304100 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 written informa}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tion to be provided to subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  should }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13398047 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13398047 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 en}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  amended}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and updated. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 But the IRB iss\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ued its approval of the}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  amendments}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  unconditionally, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 without}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 asking for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the requisite}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  amendments}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15345250 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16324484 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  48-49.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14813902 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen the research was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 completed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 summary of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 final paper was submitted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to the IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
. Later investigation revealed that all the eggs used for the 2004 pap\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 er had been extracted at clinics }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 other }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 than}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  those at }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hanyang University Hospital,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid154753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid154753 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16324484 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  7-8. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not one of the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 egg procurements were reviewed by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB. If t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ask}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  full version of the paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, in which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hanyang University Hospital }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was designated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6113718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e only}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  oocyte extraction site}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9196965 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9196965 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1674.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9196965 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it might have had another chance to correct }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the researchers' }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 misconduct.
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Other problems }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 underlying}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the IRB review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  contributed to the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ensuing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ethical failure. Though the research protocol lacked information on resear\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ch funding, the IRB did not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 request}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such information}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15345250 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 49. If the information on research funding had been clarified at an early stage, proper guidelines on human embryonic stem cell research could have been applied, and many ethical problems may have been pr\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
evented, as we have already seen in supra 2).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ough t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394\charrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
he investigator should not participate in the deliberations of the IRB or in the vote/opinion of the IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  except }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15675492 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 providing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394\charrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 information on an aspect of the trial,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1704394 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 KGCP Art. 8 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1704394 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'a7}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 7.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1704394\charrsid1704394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigators were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  casual}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bout}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10692883 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attend}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the meetings and influenc}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  decision}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16324484 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4356897 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  47. The principal investigator Hwang Yunyoung has been suspected having exercised her influence on the IRB mem\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
bers (most of whom were her colleagues at  Hanyang University Hospital) and later putting her name as a coinventor on Dr. Hwang's stem cell patent application pertaining to the 2004 paper. Dr. Hwang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1989721 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Jung Hye, another investigator and coauthor of the 2004 a\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
nd 2005 papers (she was a professor of Hanyang University Medical School), also participated in the IRB's decision-making and helped the protocol get the approval of the IRB. Dr. Park}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1989721 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Munil, the chair of the IRB of Hanyang University Hospital, later stated\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 in an interview with the MBC news magazine "PD Notebook" that if he had known that those eggs were not donated}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5798088 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
but purchased, he would have never approved the protocol; all the board members simply believed Dr. Hwang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1989721 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Jung Hye's assertion that there was no\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  problem with the eggs. Gang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1989721 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Yanggu, }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16539084 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Woo Suk }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16539084 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gyosuga Kkog Haemyeonghae-Ya Hal 4}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16539084 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 gaji Uihog}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The Four Suspicions Dr. Hwang S}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9772495 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 hould Answer}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, The Pressian, Nov. 23, 2005 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5798088 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.pressian.com/scripts\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /section/article.asp?article_num=30051123084502&s_menu=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.pressian.com/scripts/section/article.asp?article_num=30051123084502&s_menu=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  30, 2006).  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5798088 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5798088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ost of the issues }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that needed to be redressed, had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5798088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 already }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5798088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been raised}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13259994 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by bioethicists, civil rights activists, }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid858777\charrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and several }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13960300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 other }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 media}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 outlets shortly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 after the publication of the \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3173209 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , however,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  did not conduct a follow-up review and even refused the demand of the National Human Rights Commission of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Korea to present }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its }{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 records of review sessions relating to the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 paper.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13960300 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Korean Bioethics Association, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7819951 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid13305450 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 se}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  problems are not unique }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 South Korean research environment. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In 1998, a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  report issued by the Office of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Inspector General of the United States}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Institutional Review Boards: A Time for Reform}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid154753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx1800\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid154753 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8721228 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Office of Inspector General, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  pointed out six major problems in IRBs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 :}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they face major chan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ges in the research e\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nvironment; 2) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
they review too much, too quickly, with too little expertise}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; 3) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they conduct minimal continuing review of approved research}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; 4) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they face conflicts that threaten their independence}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; 5) }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they provide little training for investigators and boar\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d members}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ; and 6) }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 neither }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s nor }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 HHS}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  devote much attention to evaluating }{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid154753\charrsid940243 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  effectiveness.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid154753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid154753 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  4-9.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  These }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
concerns}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  encompass all failures that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 took place}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the IRB of Hanyang University Hospital.
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid858777 \line }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15675492 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4225656 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 B. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15952302 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB Review on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15952302 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ethics of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Resear\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ch
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid15952302 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 N}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
o IRB, government agency or committee reviewed the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  aspects of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
stem cell research by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 SCNT for the 2004 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , even though guidelines applicable to the research and ethical principles mandated }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that they should}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13961943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Regulations permitting human embryonic stem cell research generally mandate an IRB review. For example, }{\cf1\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 California an
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d New Jersey}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , the states that approved therapeutic cloning, also mandated IRB review to oversee therapeutic cloning and human embryonic stem cell research. }{
\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3429940 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 S.B. 253, 2001-02 Reg. Sess. (Ca. 2001); S.B. 1909, 210th Leg., 2d Sess. (N.J. 2002), 2003 N.J. Laws\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  203}{\cf1\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 
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{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  researchers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stance was\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that as they }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 spent only private money, there }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 binding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  guidelines to their research, and therefore no IRB review would be required.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012869 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13961943 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nevertheless, the Bioethics and Safety Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mandating an IRB review on human embryonic stem cell research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  alre\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ady }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 promulgated and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 waiting for effectuation. Therefore, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he main research institution, the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Veterinary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Seoul National University}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , to which}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Dr. Hwang and his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  lab belonged, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have formed its own IRB or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 made a review agreement with an outside IRB on this issue}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nobody in the college asked for it. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang was a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 superstar}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Veterinary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15352401 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
t would have been practically imp}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ossible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for other professors to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raise ethical issues}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 about his work or his methods. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
hat the IRB of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Veterinary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , or rather, did not do regarding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the 2005 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3431378 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9597332 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 fra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , II.2.c.4)}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 well illustrates this point. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another body}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4534795 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reviewed the ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Despite }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's claim that }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid224934 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his lab}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  spent only private money, }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there was }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid863091 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid224934 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 growing 
}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 suspicion}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that they used public }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid224934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See s}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 upra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  II.2.b.2).}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee should}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have investigated the source \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
of research funding, and if Dr. Hwang and his research team spent grants }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 awarded}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by the Stem Cell Research Center, }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid224934 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3090905 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
exercised its review and oversight authority over }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7542276 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3090905 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research. 
}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 
\par \tab }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Why had it}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  not}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  done so? One possible reason might 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the close connection }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid224934 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 between }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the Stem Cell Research Center and the researchers. Dr. Moon}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7353089 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Shin Yong}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7353089 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7353089 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Another corresponding author of the 2004 paper. Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had been}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the director of the Stem Cell Research Center }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 since}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7353089 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7353089 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  establishment}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid7353089 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For the history of the Stem Cell Research Center, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 782269 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003200360039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 97}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7353089 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and both Dr. Hwang and Dr. Moon were members of the Stem Cell Research \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Center Ethics Committee. Another reason could be the general lack of oversight power of the Stem Cell Research Center Ethics Committee over the Stem Cell Research Center}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the researchers}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . T}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he discrepancy between the Center and its Ethics Committee has b\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 een a chronic problem. The Center has }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 awarded}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 to research projects that had not}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  been properly reviewed by its E}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thics }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 C
}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ommittee or that had not followed the order of }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Et}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hics }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 C}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ommittee to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 complement the research plan. According to an invest\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 igation by }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Democratic Labor Party of }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea}{
\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid11883032 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
A left-wing party in South Korea. One reason they could have raised ethical problems regarding research funding was that they were comparatively free from the nationalistic and mercantile sentiment that overwhelmed the two major politica
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 l parties on scientific research and development.  }}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Policy Committee, }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the Stem Cell Research Center granted approximately $33 million aggregate to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 232 research projects from 2002 to Aug}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ust}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2005}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Its Ethics }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Committee}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  issued}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  conditional approval or }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7632444 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 comple\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ment-needed }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approval }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10879038 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to 163 projects, }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but the grants have been executed regardless of the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid863091 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 follow-up }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 complement}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or fulfillment}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 of the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 imposed }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 condition}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid863091 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . For example,}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in 2005, a}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mong 32 projects that had been }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ordered to }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 correct}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical defects}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
, only 23 pro\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 jects }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 actually rectified }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the problems.}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9913023 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Gang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14903968 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Yanggu, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15613415 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues' illegal research and Government's }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15613415 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Acquiescence}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15613415 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and Support}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Pressian Sep. 28, 2005 (Language: Korean). Available online at   }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15613415 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://pressian.\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 com/scripts/section/article.asp?article_num=30050928123652&s_menu=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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72007400690063006c0065005f006e0075006d003d0033003000300035003000390032003800310032003300360035003200260073005f006d0065006e0075003d002500450043002500380032002500410043002500450044002500390041002500380043000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bca000000680074
00740070003a002f002f0070007200650073007300690061006e002e0063006f006d002f0073006300720069007000740073002f00730065006300740069006f006e002f00610072007400690063006c0065002e006100730070003f00610072007400690063006c0065005f006e0075006d003d0033003000300035003000
390032003800310032003300360035003200260073005f006d0065006e0075003d002500450043002500380032002500410043002500450044002500390041002500380043000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
http://pressian.com/scripts/section/article.asp?article_num=30050928123652&s_menu=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1, 2006).}}}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid9913023 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0   
\par }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 \tab \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another presumable review body on ethics of stem cell research was the KMA. }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 If it }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid7748168 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wanted, it could have exercised its sanction pow}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 er over doctors who participate}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in research. H}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 owever, this}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was also }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 another }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 pra\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ctical }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 improbab}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ility}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the KMA }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 restrain itself from }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sanction}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its members }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 too often, }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the American Medical Association}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid12990187 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have done}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to its member doctors}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid12990187 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 For }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
controversial, philosophical and unclear issue as stem cell research, it would hav\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid8939806 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 quite }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 difficult}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for the KMA investigatory committee to reach a consensus}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid12990187 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 to sanction }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a doctor}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15277314 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This regulatory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and attitudinal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 loophole shows }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the necessity of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12990187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 universal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12990187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governmental }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cell research regardless of the source of fund\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ing. After the effectuation of the Bioethics and Safety Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the researchers }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tried }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at least }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to meet }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 th}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10367113 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  formality.}{\cs15\insrsid13394212\charrsid13394212 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f20  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337\charrsid13394212 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid2773426 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15273337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 4}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7220244 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Too }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 C}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lose }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a R}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11422853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 elationship }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 between }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Government Officials}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang maintained good relationships with gove
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rnment officials. H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is friends or supporters in the government were sometimes }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticized}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for exercising }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 their}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  power}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  too favorably to}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4729641 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ward}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The most conspicuous was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Prof. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Park}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479\charrsid10832479 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kiyoung}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . She }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was a confidant of President Rho Mu Hyun and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had been}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8464370 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 former }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Chief Manager of the Presidential Advisory Council on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Science and Technology}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 During 2003 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 actively participated in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
draft}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Bioethics and Safety Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had had considerable }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 influence}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on formulating }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  science policy}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . In early 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 she was appointed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Advisor to the President for Information, Science and Technology }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and could }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 now }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 exercise }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7748168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 greater power}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13986737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3893737 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3893737 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8458842 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Korean Bioethics Association}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 upra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; Koo, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at 8; Cyranoski, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9597332 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781232 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200330032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 71}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid683345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid224501 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Park }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had maintain}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  a close relationship with Dr. Hwang. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 While participating in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 drafting }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Bioethics and Sa\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fety Act, she also conducted two subprojects for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for which she }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was paid approximately $250,000.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8663337 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 One was }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid683345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "The Social Influence of the Analysis of Information on Mad Cow Disease"}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and t\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he other was }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid683345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
"The Ethical Review of Bio-organs and the Research on its Industrial Development."}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  The Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1718510 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 14}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8663337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Many people suspect}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that she }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 changed the minor details of the Act}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15012012 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135782336 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to make it more favorable to Dr. Hwang. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 She was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 included as the 13}{
\cs23\f0\super\insrsid10568225\charrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the 15 co}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 authors of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 known}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  reason}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10568225 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10568225 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwan\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 g et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
if anything, her citation as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 coauthor }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 further fueled }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the suspicion that she }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 exercised her power }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remov}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  regulatory hu}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dle}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s hindering Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had received the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
coauthorship as a payoff.
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4222988 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Lee Pilryeol, a science historian, environmental activist and professor at Korea National Open University, first questioned }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 her contribution to the article}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2059958 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2059958 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2059958 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Pilryeol Lee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4411916 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Professors Times}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, Feb. 23, 2004. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2059958 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10832479 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 His}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4411916 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticism }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7220244 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14290826 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 her }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 academic background 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14290826 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 plant }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3893737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 molecular }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14290826 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 physiology}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , she }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could not\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7220244 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303551 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 contribute}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7220244 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  scientifically}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303551 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3893737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the human embryonic stem cell research conducted for the 2004 paper.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8680756 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Lee's article }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  no}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8680756 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 arrest}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8680756 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the attention of the major media }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 until Cyranoski of }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid8464370\charrsid2171592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature}{\cs23\f0\insrsid922414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
cited his article}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2302497 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 again }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raising the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 spec\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ter of suspicion}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3877124 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Cyranoski, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781232 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 71}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 When }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid3877124\charrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 P}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid9973014\charrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ress}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid3877124\charrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ian}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , a progressive I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nternet}{\cs23\f0\insrsid922414 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 newspaper, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 translated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Cyranoski's article}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13706445 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 into Korean}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3877124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 expressed concern}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13706445 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that the ethical issues raised by }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid13706445\charrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nature }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16539084 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 magazine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could have a huge impact on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13706445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the scientific }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 community}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13706445 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Gang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14903968 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Yanggu, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Nature says "Hwang's Research has Ethical Problems"}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The Pressian, May 7, 2004 (Language: Korean). Available online at  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 =}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f0 \uc1\u-16212\'3f\u-10612\'3f}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  30, 2006)}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Park }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10568225 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ffered her }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ex}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cuse}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14488866 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  through }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid9973014\charrsid8939806 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Pressian}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14170676 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  online }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9973014 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
bulletin board that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10955568 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 she deserved the authorship }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 er }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10955568 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 participat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ion}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10955568 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in reviewing the ethical and scien}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tific}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10955568 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  sociological aspects of the paper.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10955568 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Park}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14903968 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kiyoung, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3499017 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "I explain the is}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 sue of research participation,"}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the Pressian's}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8485782 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Online Bulletin Board, May 8, 2004. (Language: Korean) (The post no longer exists, but it has been copied to many blogs, e.g., the }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6362893 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Technolog\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ists' Forum
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (a Korean Website of technologists). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.engforum.org/news/read.php?idxno=446}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.engforum.org/news/read.php?idxno=446}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  29., 2006)) She explained in that posting that }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 even\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 though she had not participated in the scientific research, she had discussed and reviewed the ethical issues of the research, and had the expertise to do that}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 through}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 her experience }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in }{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 drafting the Bioethics and Safety Act, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in c}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ollaborati}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ng}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  with science \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 sociologists and NGOs, and}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  publi}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 shing}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 papers on bioethical issues. She asserted that as extra-scientific issues were very important }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 this kind of research, her contribution on bioethical and science sociological review }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of the paper }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10955568 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 deserved the author
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ship.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Though her excuse w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  insufficient, t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12789240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 major }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12789240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 media, the p\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ublic, and the government ignored th}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12789240 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  problem }{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thus raised }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
as well as other ethical issues}{\cs23\f0\insrsid683345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565355 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and did not take any measures}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2171592\charrsid2171592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2171592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in spite of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 growing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2171592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticism from bioethicists.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2171592 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2171592 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8458842 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Korean Bioethics Association}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; Koo, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781200 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003200300030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 70}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 8.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Park}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 continued to support Dr. Hwang, and helped him receive}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  unprecedented }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 number}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of government grants.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2302497 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2302497 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
South Korea's grant-allocating system is highly centralized. Many grants are assigned not by peer review but\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 by earmarking popular projects or by related agencies' exercise of discretion. Though such a "selection and concentration" policy has proved very successful in semiconductors and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 other}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  applied }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 sciences}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , this stem cell scandal seriously questions the valid
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ity of such a policy.  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993\charrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Her efforts to protect and save Dr. Hwang continued until the fabrication became }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 undeniable, at which point, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 she had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 no other but to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 resign.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid991993 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid991993 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
She advocated for Dr. Hwang openly when the egg donation issue arose, and when the IRB of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University issued its investigation report, which was actually an  'indulgence' of Dr. Hw
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ang and his coresearchers' ethical wrongdoings; she ordered an official of the Ministry of Health and Welfare announce it instead of the IRB itself to render the indulgence more official. The head of the Bioethics Team under the Ministry of Health and Wel
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 are later admitted it and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 apologized}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Gang Yanggu, }{
\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Bokjibu "}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 P}{\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a}{
\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r}{\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 k}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  K}{
\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iyo}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 u}{\cs20\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
ng Bojwagwani Sikineun Daero Haetda"}{\cs20\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (Ministry of Health and Welfare admits, "we did as Advisor Park Kiyoung ordered")}{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16731033 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Pressian Feb. 21, 2006 (Language: Korean). Available online at\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs20\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\cs20\insrsid6303345\charrsid16731033 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.pressian.com/scripts}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15012012 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
/section/article.asp?article_num=30060221100351&s_menu}{\cs20\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3307677 {\*\datafield 
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/section/article.asp?article_num=30060221100351&s_menu}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15012012 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 =}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15012012 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-16212\'bb\'e7\u-10612\'c8\'b8}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on May 15, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12789240 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8330651 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Minister of Information and Communication}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8330651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Jin Daeje}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8330651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Secretary for Pres\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ident for Policy Coordination}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8330651 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Kim Byoungjun, were two}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012\charrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 other}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8330651 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 important supporters of Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Jin Daeje, Kim Byoungjun, Park Kyoung, and Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such a noticeably close }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
relationship}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eople }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
nicknamed them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\f0\insrsid1644027\charrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwanggeumbakjwi }{\f0\insrsid1644027 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (}{\f0\insrsid9053280 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 meaning "}{\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 g}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 olden\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  bats}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9053280 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in Korean pronunciation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 )", }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
a title coming from the combination of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  their four surnames }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 slight}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 twist}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 pronunc}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1644027 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 iation. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Each had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 known Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 since}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2001}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15012012 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had vigorously }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supported h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is efforts. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 They }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10487934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even circumvent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10487934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governmental }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 policie\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10487934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 guidelines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 support}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  him}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10487934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . For example, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Ministry of Information and Communication awarded Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 $4.3 million grant from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9921182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Advanced Backbone}{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IT Technology Development }{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fund }{
\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313\charrsid11565816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (grant IMT2000-C1-1)}{\cf1\loch\af0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\cf1\super\loch\af0\insrsid15467313 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15467313 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781070 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003000370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 62}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , 1674.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10487934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's research had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
nothing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to do with \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IT technology, and grants for biotechnology were supposed to be executed by other presiding ministries}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1389846 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , such as the Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Ministry of Science and Technology}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . But the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Minister}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Jin}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  awarded this grant to Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  used f\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or his stem cell research.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15467313 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul=Newsis, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1644027 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 'Hwanggeumbakjwi', Hwang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Woo Suk }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1644027 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eoge IMT2000Gigeum Jiwonharyeo 'BIT' Sinjoeo Mandeureonna}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (Have "Golden Bats" created 'BIT' to award Dr. Hwang the IMT2000 grants), Chosunilbo Dec. 27, 2005 (Language:\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Korean). Available online at }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1644027 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15467313 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://www.chosun.com/economy/news/200512/200512270494.html}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on May 16, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15467313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
However, they were not criticized but praised by the majority of the public for their }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 support}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to Dr. Hwang. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Considering that government officials themselves }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 felt free to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 circumvent the rule}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to support Dr. Hwang, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1389846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it would }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not li
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 kely for them to scrutinize his research.  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0    
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid12789240 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780220}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780307}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783278}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 c}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2849389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ethical and Regulatory Problems }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2849389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2246814 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2005 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15927143 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Paper}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8674036 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135782460}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Woo Suk Hwang et al., }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 announce online}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Science Express on 19 May 2005}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; and}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 published at }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Science 17 June 2005:}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Vol. 308. no. 5729}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  1777-1783}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (retracted). Available online at }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5910602 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 729/1777#REF9}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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320039002f003100370037003700230052004500460039000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7200000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0073006300690065006e00630065006d00610067002e006f00720067002f006300670069002f0063006f006e00740065006e0074002f00660075006c
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\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (last visited on Feb. 10, 2006)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Hereinafter the }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'93}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2005 paper.}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'94}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2849389 {\*\bkmkend _Toc135780220}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780307}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783278}{\*\bkmkend _Ref135782460}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13774836 {\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0     }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Dr. Hwang and his research team had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 declared on Feb}{\cs23\f0\insrsid991993 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ruary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  18, 2004, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12541674 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 right after }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the announcement of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12541674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 their 2004 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12541674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that they would not continue the \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research until the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3819821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Bioethics and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3819821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 afety Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 took}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12541674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3819821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 effect}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 following }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 year}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical reasons}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in direct contradiction to their public statement, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13654901 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 resumed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16655625 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cell research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10243592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
October 2004}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9665617 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12348678 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Note 8. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9665617 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  largely ba}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13654901 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cked by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enthusiasti\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 c }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13654901 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
support of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 public}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13654901 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13654901 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
major media}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10243592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Such support}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enabled}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overlook }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 many regulations.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
His team continued }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research, and o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n May 19, 2005, again announced that 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 succeeded in creating 11 p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
atient-specific, immune-matched human emb\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ryonic stem cells by SCNT of skin cells }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 using}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 85}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unfertilized}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human eggs.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid13774836\charrsid13062047 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid13774836 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13774836 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  If true, this would have meant the creation of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 custom-}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 \hich\f0 tailored\'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cells }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for each patient }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remarkably}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  improved efficiency}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Producing stem cells for one patient using about \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seventeen eggs exceeded any expectation and even }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raised}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the possibility of commercialization. If the 2004 paper had stunned scientists worldwide, this paper shocked them. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Now }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was worshiped by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korean people as a national hero.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  From that \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 time}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  forward}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  acquired a}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  superstar-like}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  authority and popularity that was almost invincible }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  any criticism. The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 emerging }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 voices of opponents were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 still too few and little heeded}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13774836 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13774836 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 As the 2004 paper, major o\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 pponents were bioethicists, civil rights activists and religious leaders. For the summary of the problems, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Kim Tae-gyu, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15941708 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Ethical Debates May Mar Hwang's Achievement}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15941708 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  The Korea Times, June 6, 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15941708 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://search.hankooki.\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
com/times/times_view.php?term=hwang+stem+cell++&path=hankooki3/times/lpage/tech/200506/kt2005060617191212350.htm&media=kt}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://search.hankooki.com/times/times_view.php?term=hwang+stem+cell++&path=hankooki3/times/lpage/tech/200506/kt2005060617191212350\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
.htm&media=kt}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . And for the general debates of bioethicists against his research, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the online materials of Biotechnology Surveillance Solidarity Forum, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2506120 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Human Embryonic Research, Is It Okay?}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Aug. 25, 2005 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLI\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5127563 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.demos.or.kr/scholar/doc_files/eco_08.pdf}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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640066000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b6800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e00640065006d006f0073002e006f0072002e006b0072002f007300630068006f006c00610072002f0064006f0063005f00660069006c00650073002f00650063006f005f00300038002e007000640066
000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.demos.or.kr/scholar/doc_files/eco_08.pdf}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  13, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the 2005 paper had as many ethical problems as those \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
of the 2004 paper. Though this time the researchers }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in his lab had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 paid more }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attention}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to regulatory and ethical issues }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 newly effectuated }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Bioethics and Safety Act }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 now }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criminalized }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 m}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 any}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more forms of}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the new regulatory system }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 still }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 id not work properly. Many problems that already existed in the 2004 paper continued or worsened, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 while}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  new problems }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 surfaced }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reformed }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulatory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 system.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10243592 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1) How H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is Team}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Bypassed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Regulations}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13774836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0   
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12348678 {\cs23\f0\insrsid10243592 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Resuming their research in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  September 2004, Dr. \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang's team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678\charrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they would}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678\charrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  perform SCNT and deriving NT-hESCs under the auspices and oversight of the Hanyang University IRB for Human Subjects Research and Ethics Committee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . However, this}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  reviewed only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 factors concerning}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  egg-donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethics of stem cell research remained un}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 touched}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678\charrsid12348678 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid12348678 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at Note 8.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678\charrsid12348678 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid12348678 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10243592 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Bioethics and Safety Act that took effect on }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 January}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3819821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1, 2005 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prohibited }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9192870 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
any human embryonic }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research without the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review of the institutional review board}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5206528 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 (IRB)}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid7214855 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214855 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Bioethics and Safety Act, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780686 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600380036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 42}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Art. 9 }{\hich\af558\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f558 \'a7}{
\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  1.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14573411 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the National B\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ioethics }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Committee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (NBC)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid7214855 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214855 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , Art. 23 and Art. 24.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  required }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 final }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prior }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
approval by the Minist}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ry}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7214855 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of Health and Welfare}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid12979508 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12979508 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 
\chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 Art. 6 and Art. 7.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12979508 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2849389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, its Addenda (3) allowed an exception}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , which stated, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2558445 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310\charrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
f a person who is carrying out research on somatic cell cloning embryos for research pur\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 poses}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'85}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6427310\charrsid6427310 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
at the time of the entry into force of this Act meets the requirements of the following subparagraphs, he/she may continue to conduct such research with approval therefor from the Minister of Health and Welfare: 1. He/She has been conducting research
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on somatic cell cloning embryos for not less than three years; and 2. His/Her research on somatic cell cloning embryos has been published in related scientific journal at least once.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2558445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1653179 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id. }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Addenda (3).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
s team was the only research team in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea that could \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 meet the requirement of Addenda (3)}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3752327 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when the Act took effect}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2105853 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 As explained in }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14840934 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 II.1.b., the National Bioethics Committee was formed as late as April 2005, and it did not issue any revi\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ew guidelines until the stem cell scandal broke. Therefore, it was practically impossible for other research teams to get the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 review}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 and approval of the NBC on the SCNT research. This addenda had been highly criticized by biotech researchers as a de facto \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 monopoly, narrowly tailored for Dr. Hwang, but it passed the National Assembly with no change.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1653179 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1389846 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2105853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 His team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 received}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  approval }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Minister of Health and Welfare on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  12, 2005}{
\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid214275 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid214275 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at Note 8. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2105853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in accordance with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Addenda (3)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In fact, it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was the first }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approval}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  issued under the new Act. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang'\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 research was exempted from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8674036 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , which had not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 yet }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8674036 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been formed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The quickly formed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid214275 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120\charrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060\charrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of Veterinary Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14840934 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Seoul National University (hereinafter the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10169653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of Veterinary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2506120 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 )}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3170793 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
conducted a formalistic \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the ethics of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and ap}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proved}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  it }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  23, 2005.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3752327 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 This meant that the Minister of Health and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Welfare}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 did not wait for even the IRB r\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eview of the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  institution itself. On the other hand, t}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 he}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9251399 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 IRB of}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Hanyang University Hospital}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  conducted the review of oocytes and somatic cells donation also for the 2005 paper as well as for the 2004 paper, and it }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
gave its approval on Oct. 19, 2004}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  under }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 KGCP. }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Hwang et al., }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at Note 8}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ; and its s}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9251399 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 upporting Online Material}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  1-3, 18-24 (available online at h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9251399 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1112286}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ).}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16399846 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As shown infra 4), }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the IRB of the College of Veterinary Medicine w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as rife with ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 problems}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 some IRB members listed on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 documents did not even know that th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ey }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had been appointed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 members. Once }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approved}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6179502 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y faced }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 no a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dditional review or supervision.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid7347384 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2) Continuing Problems
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Many problems }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 presented }{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sup}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2647698\charrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ra }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 II. 2. b.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were repeated and sometimes}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  worsened}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the research for the 2005 paper}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Rev\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 iew }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 egg procurements }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for the 2005 paper }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2194088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB of Hanyang University Hospital }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remained to be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 insufficient.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2194088 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2194088 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at 45-54. Most donated eggs from 2003 to 2005 could not be distinguished clearly for each research, and the problems surrounding egg donations and the IBR review of which were repeated and overlapped with the 2004 paper. }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  II 2. b. 1), }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .    }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2194088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 did not properly review the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 incomplete}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  informed consent forms that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  used }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14903968 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the egg don}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ors}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This time the informed consent form}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  disclosed through the supporting online materials }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the 200}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 5}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  paper,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15930071 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Hwang et al, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 supra}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 severely }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticized }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lack}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cr}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 itical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 information }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fully disclosing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
effects }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that could arise }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071\charrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such as infertility or death.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15941708 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid542064 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Davi}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542064 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d Magnus }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 &}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542064 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Mildred K. Cho}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2297337 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Issues in Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542064 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Science 17 June 2005}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542064 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Vol. 308. no. 5729, 1747 }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \endash }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid542064 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1748}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Published online May 19, 2005\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2297337 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 10.1126/science.1114454}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 R}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esearchers }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did not c}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ompl}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with th
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e requirement to s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ubmit}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 continu}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 monthly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reports}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg donations}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 serious }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 effects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , if experienced by the donors. Rather, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the IRB issued approval regardless of the investigators' }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lack of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 compliance.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1068018 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 53-54.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Though }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hanna Women's Clinic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599\charrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  received egg d\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
onations from its own infertility patients, and provided compensation to 25 of them by discounting or exempting}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2647698 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599\charrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 vitro fertilization fee (approx. $1,800 to $2,300 per person)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such actions went }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
unnoticed by the IRB.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15157599 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15157599 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 supra}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15157599 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4}}}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  at}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15157599 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  118-120}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
. This practice had two problems\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
. First, compensation of any sort exceeding opportunity costs is punishable under the Bioethics and Safety Act. Second, recruiting from its own patients creates tension in the doctor-patient relationship, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 because}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  patients would feel obliged to }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 volunteer}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  get better treatment.   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599\charrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The IRB review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the 2005 paper }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 became}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more form}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 u}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 l}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ic, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang's popularity and fame}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  increased substantially}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Not one board }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 member }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
was willing to question him or his methods. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15157599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15930071 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang received more government grants and private donations, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
negligent or intentional sp\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ending continued.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2297337 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780975 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003900370035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1-15.}}}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid2194088 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ost }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 private donations that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 beg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 u}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amass }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 exponentially }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from 2004 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 forward }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were not properly managed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  audited.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Again c}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6503727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oauthor}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ships were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 awarded}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  arbitrarily. }{\f0\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Oh}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Sun Kyung}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\f0\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kim}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Hee Sun
}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the 21}{\f0\super\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 st}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and 22}{\f0\super\insrsid1263723\charrsid1263723 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nd}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  coauthor were \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cited as coauthors in the 2005 paper,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8285202 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang et al., supra footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135782460 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003400360030000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 163}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1777.}}}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 but their contributions had not been for the 2005 paper but for the 2004 paper.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8285202 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8285202 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15157599 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 supra}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15157599 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 fo
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 otnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4}}}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  at}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  84.}}}{\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr}{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 D. H. Chung (Seoul National University Hospital) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was acknowledged }{\cs23\f0\insrsid800636\charrsid800636 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
for teratoma histopathology}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the 2005 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  due to a similar rea\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 son.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16086385 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1263723 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Id.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 68.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  T}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he authorship of the other corresponding coauthor, Dr. Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was also problematic. Though }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 many }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticized }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that his contribution was not sufficient t}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o be awarded a corresponding co}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 authorship,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16086385 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim Tae-gyu, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 'Hwang Over-shares Credit'}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times Aug. 4, 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/200508/kt2005080420430510440.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3307677 {\*\datafield 
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320030003400330030003500310030003400340030002e00680074006d000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b8200000068007400740070003a002f002f00740069006d00650073002e00680061006e006b006f006f006b0069002e0063006f006d002f006c0070006100670065002f003200300030003500300038
002f006b00740032003000300035003000380030003400320030003400330030003500310030003400340030002e00680074006d000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3307677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://}{
\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3307677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 times.hankooki.c\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 om}{\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3307677 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 /lpage/200508/kt2005080420430510440.htm}
}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on May 14, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Schatten did not 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hesitate to emphasize his role in analyzing data and writing the drafts }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1263723 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 the 2005 paper. But when the scandal broke, he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 retracted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  his previous statements and admitted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 instead }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that his role had been very limited }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  insignificant matters. The Univers\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ity of Pittsburgh accepted his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 excuses}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and concluded that his behavior did not fall into the very narrowly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 defined category of "misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 "}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5183196 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  University }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f Pittsburgh}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135782649 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380032003600340039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 115}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16086385\charrsid16086385 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
a number of ethicists believed he should have been held to account}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5183196 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5183196 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Prof. David Magnus, criticizing Dr. Schatten's behavior, analogized, "[h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid147086 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid147086 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  may not have been the one \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
who walked in and robbed the bank. But he was the getaway driver who did not ask why his friends wanted him to drive away when they ran out of the bank}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " at a blog posting of bioethics.net. D}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 vid Magnus, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4090642 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Professor Schatten }{
\b\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4090642 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Did}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4090642 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Suggest the Photographer}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , blog
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .bioethics.net Feb. 12, 2006. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4090642 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://blog.bioethics.net/2006/02/professor-schatten-did-suggest_12.html}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://blog.bioethics.net/2006/02/professor-schatten-did-suggest_12.html}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  17, 2006).   }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ties with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean }{\cs23\f0\insrsid86935 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid552346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  officials}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
continued }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  strengthened.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid552346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid5183196 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The government even awarded Dr. Hwang the title of "Supreme Scientist" and $3 million }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grants.}{
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\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Tae-gyu, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7079950 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Hwang Honored as "Supreme Scientist"}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times June 24, 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nnouncement of the 2005 paper, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he government offered }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 him }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 25 billion}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 won}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (approximately $25 millio
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\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  named }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid6437105 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Hwang Woo}{
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\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  future home for the }{
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\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5183196 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Kim}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Sung-jin}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Construction of Hwang}{\i\hich\af558\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f558 \rquote }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10228404 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 s Laboratory Begins Friday}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , The Korea Times }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Aug. 11, }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
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 (last visited on Feb. 11, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Many government officials }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stood by him }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 until the }{
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
The Structural and Functional Problems \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196\charrsid5183196 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid5183196 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The NBC was a new body, and t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4197715 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
he government }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4812124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15665332 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 completely}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4197715 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
prepared for the new regulatory regime during the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 one-year}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4197715 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 waiting }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4197715 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 period from the promulgation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4197715 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the effectuation of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4812124 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the Bioethics and Safety Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 When the Minist}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ry}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of H}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 alth and 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Welfare approved Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s research on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  12, 2005, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its spokesperson commented}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that this approval was only temporary, and Dr. Hwang }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would have to again seek }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approval }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 under }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 new }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review guidelines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as soon as the NBC }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  formed and the Presiden\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
tial Decree on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research by SCNT}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  issued}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15476162 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15476162 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780686 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Art}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  22 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (2). It stated, "t}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 he categories, objects and scope of that research provided in paragraph (\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
1) for which an act of transplanting the nucleus of a somatic cell may be performed shall be provided for by the Presidential Decree after being deliberated on by the National Committee}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
," therefore, without a Presidential Decree no stem cell research by SC\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NT could be approved except for research which came under the Addenda (3) exception. }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14957940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 He}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  said that he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 expected}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that this }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 completed within }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a month.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15476162 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Bokjibu, Hwang}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Woo Suk }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gyosu}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 t}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ea}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 
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\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ministry of Health and Welfare Approved Hwang}{\i\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Research}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Official Website of the Ministry o
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f Health and Welfare Bulletin Board Jan. 12, 2005 (Language: Korean). Available online at  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10303678 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://mohw.news.go.kr/warp/webapp/news/print_view?id=634dc2ede58a4301\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 0f8479c5}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  13, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Instead, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  took }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4877246 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 additional }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4812124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fo}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4877246 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ur months }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for the government }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4877246 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to form the NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4925390 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4812124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the NBC held }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4812124 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  first session \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Jul}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9060520 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  15, 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11742191 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
No Presidential Decree on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research by SCNT ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  been issued }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
before }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the stem cell scandal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  broke}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14578662 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid10622333 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10622333 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10622333 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s 2005 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15795603 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 as well as other  projects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14957940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  on SCNT stem cell research }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thus }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 solely under the\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  discretion of the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14957940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Ministry of Health and Welfare}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  based on }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the requirements set forth in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11080243 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Addenda (3)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14957940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Wh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could have been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the reason }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
this delay? It }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is likely }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that the government focused }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for he had achieved }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10706233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unprec\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 edented fame and popularity }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as a scientist and thus had true }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 political}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  clout. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Mesmerized by the overly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12730248 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enthusiastic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reports}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 circulated by the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 major media,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2714745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Solidarity for Biotechnology Surveillance, an association of 13 civil rights and women}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s rights activists groups held the }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1272701 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Forum: }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1272701 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Is the }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 C}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1272701 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
urrent Human Embryonic Research Acceptable?}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 on August 25, 2005 in S\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 eoul, South Korea. The overly }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 enthusiastic}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  attitudes of major media were one topic of the forum. The panelist Kim Myeongjin, lecturer of Sungkonghoe University, }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 criticize}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d that the Korean media mostly ignored the ethical problems and technical barriers of \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
human embryonic stem cell research; praised Dr. Hwang as if he could cure patients in the near future, thus }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 disabl}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ing any rational discussion with opponents, and put ethicists on the opposite side of Dr. Hwang, depicting them as obstacles impeding his urge\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
nt scientific research and development. He also pointed out that the accolades by the western scientists and media on Dr. Hwang}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s success was partly to stimulate their own }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 conservative}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 governments and politicians, so Koreans should not accept such praise t\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 oo naively. What he discussed in the forum was later }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 published}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in a Korean magazine entitled }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4992307 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Environment and Life}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 2005 Fall. However, such criticisms were also ignored by most major media.  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean public shared the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2297337 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 belief that}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  biotechnology, especially stem cell research, would\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  magic }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bullet}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that could cure any patient}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ensure}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  national prosperity}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . T}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hese public sentiment}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  strengthened the government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s blind support}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Considering the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mass }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hostility against the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MBC PD Notebook }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 first }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attacked}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang, it would have been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 difficult}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 go against }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 strong public }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4992307 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sentiment}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Government officials }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 therefore }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 felt that they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had no reason to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 establish any restriction}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  against Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ther }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3692436 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 prominent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researc\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
h teams such as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4992307 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
College of Medicine, Pochon Cha University or Dr. Park Sepil}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team at Maria Infertility Hospital}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4667456 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4667456 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 H}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 i}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s team won a U.S. patent for}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4667456 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  technology facilitating the extr\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 action of human embryonic stem cells from frozen embryos}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 in Oct. 2005}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4667456 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4667456 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim Cheong-won}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Research Team Gets US Patent for Stem Cell Technology}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times 10-17-2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4667456 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200510/kt20051017\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 17184810160.htm}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200510/kt2005101717184810160.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  17, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  could not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4992307 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 literally }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 meet the requirements of Addenda (3) but had the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7734212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific background and expertise }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conduct SCNT ste\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 m cell research were statutorily blocked both from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gaining }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Addenda (3) approval and from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 obtaining }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC approval.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15476162 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Yonhap News}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Chesepo Bokje Baea Yeongu Hwang}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  G}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
yosu team 'Dokjeom' Wae?}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang}{\i\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 
\loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid7296507 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Monopoly on SCNT Stem Cell Research, Why?)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Chosunilbo 2
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 006. 1. 15 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15476162 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
http://www.chosun.com/economy/news/200601/200601150015.html}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  13, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617941 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2120224 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11370089 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Then}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  why }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the NBC }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fail to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 move }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 quick enough }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to review Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s research? }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 asn}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 it }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1068018 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  role t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4992307 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stop}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  unethical and unreviewed re\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 search}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to rein in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s blind support and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12602437 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 funding}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ?}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 could }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 yet }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2714745 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 function properly due to structural problems}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16007819 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
Prof. Lee Inyoung}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16007819 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Professor of Hanrim University \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
College of Law, South Korea, and also member of the NBC.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16007819 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 pointed out }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16007819 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid550630\charrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 E}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid16007819\charrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mergency }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid550630\charrsid550630 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Forum: }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Guarantee }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid550630\charrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Ethic}{
\cs23\i\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid550630\charrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and Integrity of Biotechnolo\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gical Research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  held 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in Seoul }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16007819 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the Korean Bioethics Association }{\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Jan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 24, 2006. The}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  idea put forth by the forum m}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ay}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  be summarized as the structural }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 politicization }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 committee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the limitation of their}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  power}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .   }{\cs23\f0\insrsid547563 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 First, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid550630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ccording to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Bioethics and Safety Act,}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4861889 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Bioethics and Safety Act, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780686 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t. 7.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  among }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 16 to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 21 members of the NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (actually }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 21 members had been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 commissioned)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , one third, i.e., seven Ministers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of  related departments }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ould}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
automatically }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 included}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seven members}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ould be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 commissioned }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientists}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 industrial sector}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remaining}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  seven members}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1272701 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would be}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 commissioned from}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3871438 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3871438 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 religious,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3871438\charrsid3871438 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  philosophical, ethical, social science or legal circles, non-governmental organizations }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'85}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3871438\charrsid3871438 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or women}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by the President.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 As all }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5337737 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6714957 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inisters were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2891789 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 appointed by \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the President, they would be under the direct }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 power of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the President}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cientists would }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 generally }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proponents of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 less oversight}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1146107 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and more support.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 However,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members from other areas would not necessarily }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1146107 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 advocate}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the need for}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1146107 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  strict}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  review, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bec\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ause}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  they }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 came}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a variety of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 various fiel}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ds and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 subscribed to a variety of p}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hilosophies}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 specially}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  since }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the President }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
would commission people }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sharing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 similar }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 philosoph}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and political background}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s with him}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid548955 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Actually Yang Samseung,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3674629 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the chairman of the committee, was President Roh Mu Hyun}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 
\rquote }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s attorney and also shared the \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
supportive view of the President toward biotechnology and Dr. Hwang. Yang later gave legal advice to Dr. Hwang when ethical issues were raised, and had to resign due to the conflicts of interest.      }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  This means that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 any important }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  decision }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5454452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 m
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ade by the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  NBC would tend to be under }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5645756 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 full }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 control of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 President and the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 government, and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 if the government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s position were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11626086 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
more favorable to research and development}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , there would be no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 meaningful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  deterrence}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 power that could be exercised by\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the ethicists.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1661887 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 This is exactly opposite from what happened in the U\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 nited States. President Bush dismissed Dr. Blackburn and Dr. May from the President}{
\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Council on Bioethics on February 27, 2004. Both had disapproved the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 restrictive}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  stem cell policy of the Bush administration. Their seats were filled by persons more suppo\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
rtive of  the President. To show the ironic symmetry with the South Korean situation, let me directly cite from the report. "[Dr. Blackburn]}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 was one of only three full-time biomedical scientists on the panel, which, even prior to her dismissal, was weighte\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
d heavily to nonscientists with strong ideological views. While no one disputes that nonscientists should play an important role on a bioethics panel, it is equally important that scientists, with strong biomedical expertise, provide the necessary scienti
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 f\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ic context for the panel}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ." The Union of Concerned Scientists, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Scientific Integrity In Policy Making}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Further Investigation of the Bush Administration}{
\i\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Misuse of Science}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16065826 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 July 2004 update. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4802253 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.ucsusa.org/scientif\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ic_integrity/interference/reports-scientific-integrity-in-policy-making.html}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000006b00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007500630073007500730061002e006f00720067002f0073006300690065006e00740069006600690063005f0069006e0074006500670072006900740079002f0069006e007400650072006600
6500720065006e00630065002f007200650070006f007200740073002d0073006300690065006e00740069006600690063002d0069006e0074006500670072006900740079002d0069006e002d0070006f006c006900630079002d006d0061006b0069006e0067002e00680074006d006c000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200
aa004ba90bd600000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007500630073007500730061002e006f00720067002f0073006300690065006e00740069006600690063005f0069006e0074006500670072006900740079002f0069006e0074006500720066006500720065006e00630065002f00720065007000
6f007200740073002d0073006300690065006e00740069006600690063002d0069006e0074006500670072006900740079002d0069006e002d0070006f006c006900630079002d006d0061006b0069006e0067002e00680074006d006c000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/interference/reports-scientific-integrity-in-policy-making.html}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  14, 2006).}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 In the case of the NBC, the bioeth\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 icists were outnumbered and overwhelmed by scientists and government officials.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
What }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 exacerbated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the inertia of the NBC was t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hat the committee sessions were to be }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 called}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 either }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8485007 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the chairperson who was also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 appointed by the President}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  or by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at least}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  seven votes of the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16209562 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1661887 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Bioethics and Safety Act, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780686 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600380036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 42}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Art. 6.}}
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Considering the dynamics }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amo\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ng }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1661887 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
the members, gathering seven votes would not be easy. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617619 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The fact that the NBC held only two sessions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 during}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617619 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 first }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 seven months (one in April and on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7617619 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e in October)}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 underscores their structural inertia}{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4802253 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15075829 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another problem }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raised }{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by Prof. Lee Inyoung }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e above forum}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9659384 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9659384 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Korean Bioethics Association}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Emergency Forum: }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 to}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Guarantee the Ethic}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  and Integrity of B\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iotechnological Research}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  January 24, 2006}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Seoul}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9659384 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was the NBC}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s lack of investigat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ory }{\cs23\f0\insrsid722741 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 power.}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Unlike other statutory committees in Korea, the NBC lacked the power to conduct }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 independent}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 investigation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , more specifically,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to subpoena witnesses, to call for }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 testimony by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 related government offi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cials or experts, or to ask }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
for }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the cooperation of other administrative agencies. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Its}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  power was limited }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  investigation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 through}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 documents, which was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 too }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 indirect }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 too }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 insufficient to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 enable it to achieve }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a meaningful outcome.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  This }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stemmed largely from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 origin of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Bioethics and Safety Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Due to the fact that i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was the result of political compromise}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Act}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not ma}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e it clear whether the NBC should be an advisory committee focusing on setting}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 policy }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (which was preferred by the scientists and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 biot
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ech companies}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 )}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11488212 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , or a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
supervisory committee that could exercise oversight and sanction power}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  over researchers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 (which was preferred by ethicists, religious groups, and civil rights activists)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16341272 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 See}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Pak, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid13570848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780616 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003600310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 37}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 at 180-201.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The Act intended the latter, but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 given the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lack of supporting }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uthorit}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the NBC could }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 function as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 weakened }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11027612 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 advisory committee. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In sum, under the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Bioethics and Safety }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Act, if several members of the NBC }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raised questions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regarding}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s research, they would not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gather}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  enough votes to hold a ses\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sion, and even if they could }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 have got}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ten}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the necessary seven votes and acquire}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  necessary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  consensus }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to initiate a}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  further investigation, their limited investigatory power}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would have prevented them from }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7276082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 uncovering}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
s misconduct. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6963969 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6963969\charrsid3871438 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid9659384 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 4)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Prob\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lems of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of V}{\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eterinary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Conflict}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of interest ha}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ve}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 been always a chronic problem of the IRBs. Can the doctors or professors who are working }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  same }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 building}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with the investigators make }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 neutral }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 independent decision}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ? Ca\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n outside IRB members who are paid by the research institution or eventually by the investigators 
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 who }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 provide a large share of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  budget to the research institution }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be free from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 financial incentive}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ? }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Would it }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be too tempting to pressure }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he IRB membe\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rs to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overlook }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 some ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 considerations }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 receive }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approval }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as soon as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 possible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , especially }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 patent rights or other }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 financial}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 interests}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  are at stake}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ? }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 any safeguards to avoid }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 such}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conflict}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s of interest}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not worked well}{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  even in the countries wi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 th }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  long history of IRB}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13597683 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13597683 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Daniel K. Nelson, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1864212 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Conflict of Interest: Institutional Review Boards,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Elizabeth A. Bankert & Robert J. Amdur Ed., }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid13597683 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Institutional Re
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 view Board}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , 177-181}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (Jones and Bartlett Publishers 2005, 2}{\super\insrsid6303345\charrsid6706791 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 nd}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Ed.)}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another chronic problem of the IRBs }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the lack of education }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 f }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Reviewing research from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical perspective is very different from conducting a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6035483 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 re}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 view}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but in many }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cases,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 professors or researchers \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the same institute dominate the IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and they are not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
necessarily }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 experts on ethics}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2587797 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 h}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e IRB of the College of Veterinary Medicine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fail}{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11822812 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 both}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  aspects.
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 One reason }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for its }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 disastrous}{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  dysfunction or nonfunction was }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had existed at }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the Colle\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ge of Veterinary Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  prior to Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . As explained }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid2771633\charrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supra}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 II.1.a,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  most IRBs in Korea were established for the clinical trials of the new drugs. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Therefore,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir expertise was on protection of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5517159 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  human subjects}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in clinical trials. At t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he Coll\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ege}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060\charrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of Veterinary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Medicine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
where no human experiments had been }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB should have been established}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from nothing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . As Dr. Hwang was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  super}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 star}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9115258 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in the College, he could choose anyone he liked as an IRB member.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  The}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members he chose}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mostly did not k\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 now what the IRB should review, and assumed the IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was simply a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 formality. All th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 problems are well illustrated in the NBC report.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5120727 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  54-61.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5120727 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid223821 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16341272 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang and another co}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researcher Dr. Lee Byung Chun }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hurried
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 form the IRB of the College of Veterinary Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in o\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rder }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be approved under}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Addenda (3) of the Act.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7098075 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Stem cell research institutions were required to have their local IRBs in order to be approved \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 under Addenda (3). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
They selected }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB members and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 remarkably }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid727026 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 even }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 notify }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 some of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 them}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that they had been appointed to the IRB board}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embers were mostly colleagues at the College}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of Veterinary Medicine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and one ou
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tside member was a reverend}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  who}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had a seriously ill daughter }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
and even later }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donated her somatic cell}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 World Stem Cell Hub}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  established by Dr. Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hoping}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13597683 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang's}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research could cure her some day}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15429277 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 final }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 approval }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that was included in \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 supporting}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  online material}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the 2005 paper was not signed by the chairperson}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Prof. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Lee Youngsun but }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 someone else, probably}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11688840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  someone }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11688840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11688840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Prof. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Lee }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Youngsun later }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 admitted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that he did not}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 even}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10110630 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  know }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a member}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 let alone }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the cha\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 irperson}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8019060 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the IRB until Oct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ober}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2005. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 O}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ther }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 officially listed members }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also admitted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 their total lack of knowledge of their membership. By October 2005, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15221637 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had held three meetings}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  but had }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 kept no }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 proper }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 records, so when it was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ordered}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to submit }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 records to the NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , its members had to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reconstruct them }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  members }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were unaware of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 basic principles}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , for instance, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the investigators should not participate in discussion}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12613856 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706526 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  decision}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
; that the members should not delegate the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  review power to \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 others; that it was the IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s duty to require continu}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 intermediary reports from the investigators; and that the IRB should }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 keep }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the research protocol}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with other IRB documents}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3565321 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , which the investigators }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were handed back immediately after the review. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Its SO\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 P was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 identical to}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Seoul National University College of Medicine, which was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 solely }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for the clinical trials of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 new}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  drugs and lacked any guid}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ance}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10173669 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for stem cell research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Above all, n}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 o review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7739013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of human embryonic stem cell research by 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 SCNT, one of the main purpose}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of this}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB, had been }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11688840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Another }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 problem }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 highly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticized}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  NBC report was the protective attitude the IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 displayed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  w}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen the issue of egg donation began to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rise}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Nov}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7098075 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The National Bioethics Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  54-61.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
he IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the College of Ve\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 terinary Medicine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted a very formalistic investigation and }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14969222 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 concluded that }{\f0\insrsid14969222 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there }{\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not }{\f0\insrsid5136001 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 been }{\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 any major}{\f0\insrsid14969222 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical violations }{\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in Dr. Hwang's research and }{
\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 attributed }{\f0\insrsid14969222 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most }{\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 controversies }{\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to}{\f0\insrsid14969222 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the cultural differences between the Eastern tradition and  Western\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethics code}{\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid14969222 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14969222 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Ministry of Health and Welfare}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Result Of The Investigation On The}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Ova}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Donation Of }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang Woo}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 -Suk }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Research Team }
{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Of }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul National Universi\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ty}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (Press Release)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Nov. 24, 2005 (Language: Korean). Available online at  h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://www.mohw.go.kr/downloa\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.tdf?f=/2005/11/20051124182337799088_1.hwp&fn=}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f0 \uc1\u-17164\'3f\u-21388\'3f\u-17163\'3f\u-13888\'3f\u-17024
\'3f\u-17380\'3f\u-11172\'3f\u-17608\'3f}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.24.hwp&table=gp_tb_data_file}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  10, 2006) }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6109714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This investigation report }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7098075 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 released }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 p}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ress }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 not by the chairperson of the IRB but by an official of the Ministry of Health and Welfare under }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the President's Advisor}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Park Kiyoung}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s order}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , to make}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the report appear to be}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5786362 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more credi}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5136001 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 bl\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9729712 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Later Kim Heonju, the Chief of the Bioethics Team under the Ministry of Health and Welfare, apologized through an e-mail to the members \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
of the NBC that it had been inappropriate for the Ministry to announce the misleading investigation report of the College of Veterinary Medicine IRB instead of the chairperson of the IRB, and they had been ordered to do so by Park Kiyoung, the advisor to 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he President. Gang Yanggu, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11688840 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Bokjibu, "Park Kiyoung Bojoagwani Shikineun Daero Haetta" (the Ministry of Health and Welfare did as ordered by the President's Advisor Park Kiyoung)}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8195440 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Pressian}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Feb. 21, 2006 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLIN\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 K "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9729712 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.pressian.com/scripts/section/article.asp?article_num=30060221100351&s_menu}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10556948 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 =}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9729712 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-16212\'bb\'e7\u-10612\'c8\'b8}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  17, 2006). }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1123996 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16144699 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780221}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780308}
{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783279}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3. Revelation and Aftermath}{\cs23\f0\insrsid96251 {\*\bkmkend _Toc135780221}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780308}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783279}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2913853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It is worth noting h}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7696076 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ow Dr. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7696076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang's fabrication was revealed and what happened afterwards.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11688840 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7696076 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 For a while, Dr. Hwang enjoyed worldwide fame. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5910602\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Government}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5257143\charrsid6437105 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 al}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5910602\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  fund}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5257143\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5910602\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and private donations }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 flowed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2913853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to him}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5910602\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5257143\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Scientists all over the w\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 orld wanted to make joint-research agreements with him.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid3763196 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3763196 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9053280 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 E.g.,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722848 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Scottish embryologist Ian Wilmu\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 t, who cloned the a sheep named Dolly in 1996}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , made a joint study agreement with Dr. Hwang}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 (it is quite ironic that Wilmut himself is blamed for the dubious }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16324484 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 coauthor}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ship on Dolly paper now)}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang announced that he would cooperate in }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a joint diabetes s\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
tudy with Harvard University team led by Dr. Douglas Melton. Kim}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid7696076 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Tae-}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 g}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 yu, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid15812269 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Support for Hwang Coverage}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , The Korea Times }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722848 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
05-23-2005}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , available online at }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid15625850 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/biz/200505/kt2005052319363411900.htm}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 (last visited on Feb. 10, 2006); Kim}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid7696076 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Tae-}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 g}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
yu, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12977982 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang to Stage Joint Cloning Research With Harvard Team}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , The Korea Times Jun. 3, 2005, available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {
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\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 /lpage/biz/
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\cs23\f0\insrsid5257143\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2913853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 When}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Hwang declared that he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  had}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  succeeded in cloning an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Afghan}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  hound male puppy }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 named }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Snuppy}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{
\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid10559896 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Abbreviation of }{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'93}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul National University Puppy.}{\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \'94}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13436168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
and released photos of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 him}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13436168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and the puppy taken by a professional photographer }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Aug}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ust}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  4, 2005,}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid10559896 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10559896 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gina Kolata}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Beating Hurdles, Scientists Clone }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Dog For }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  First}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The New York}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Times}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Aug. 4, 2005,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10559896 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  A1}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14493032 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 his r\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 eputation reached an unprecedented level in Korean science history. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Meanwhile, ethical objections }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were being }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stronger, especially from the Catholic }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2454264 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 C}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hurch of Korea, which announced its plan to raise }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 10 billion won }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8013081 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (approximately $10 million) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fund}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8013081 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for adu\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lt stem cell research.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid7155094 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7155094 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Kim}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10618909 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Tae-}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 g}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 yu, }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7155094 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Catholic }{\i\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid7155094 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 hurch Funds Adult Stem\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Cell Research}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , The Korea Times Oct 5, 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid7155094 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200510/kt2005100517255110160.htm}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200510/kt2005100517255110160.htm}}}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 March}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  3, 2006).}}
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Still, u}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1136599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ntil }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 late 2005, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1136599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 most people }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would have never questioned the ethics }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786958 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4667456 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 integrity}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1136599 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786958 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786958 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786958 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s papers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \endash }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they were too}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7696076\charrsid7696076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7696076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 overwhelmed by his continuing successes}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2913853 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9053280 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 continued to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2913853 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 blindly worship him}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9786958 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The revelation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9053280 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  began by a w\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 histle-blower. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ryu}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Young June, coauthor of the 2004 paper, had left the research team in April 2004}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  disappointed by Dr. Hwang's }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 exaggerat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and hasty press releases and other }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 instances of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethical misconduct. When }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Ryu}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  heard the news of the 2005 paper, he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 immediately}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  suspected }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fabrication, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 because}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 according to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 expertise and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 knowledge}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  such a quick achievement was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 technically }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 imp}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ossible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . He posted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16726963 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  message on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13315829 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 confidential bulletin board }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of MBC (Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team pa\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 id the ova donors for the human eggs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there was also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  possibility that Hwang}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s 2005 paper might have been fabricated.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid3685522 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Cent\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ral District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  122-124.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2916157 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Han}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7079950 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Haksu}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10559896 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14231576 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  producer }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1448648 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14231576 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14231576 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
newsmagazine }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1448648 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 PD Note}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 book}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9900614 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8005431 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 received}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5964300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 this }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5964300 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 information }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16083336 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Jun}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16083336 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1, 2005 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and began }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid3685522 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3685522 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Han}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16400828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Haksu, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9768746 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Myth of Hwang Woo Suk in ourselves}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, PD Journal of the Broadcasting Producer Association of Korea, 2006-1-11 (Language: Korean). Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 HYPERLINK "}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12337848 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.pdnet.or.kr/newspaper/newsview.asp?cd=8799}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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 (last visited Mar 9, 2006). He stated in this postscript to the program that when he was first informed of the suspicion he}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2913853 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
immediate\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ly realized the difficulty of the situation but still felt the urgency to investigate. He wrote, "if the fabrication of the paper were true, it would be revealed eventually, and I felt the pressure that it should be done by no other than a Korean news med
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 i\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a. It would be an unthinkable humiliation if, say, the New York Times reported it first. The investigation therefore became urgent." }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Han'\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13436168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1983465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tried to keep the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1983465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  confidential}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but rumor}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s began to}{
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16400828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Tae-gyu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14815087 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Member of Hwang Team Involved in Ovum Scandal}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, The Korea Times Nov. 8, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2005}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
 HYPERLIN\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 K "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14815087 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14815087 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14815087 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}
{\insrsid6303345\charrsid14815087 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 /lpage/200511/kt2005110817390153460.htm}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 /lpage/200511/kt2005110817390153460.htm}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  10, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 On November 9, 2005, t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  police }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 start }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ion of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the CEO of a company na\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 med "DNA Bank," who was also an }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 egg broker}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  provided }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for Dr. Hwang's team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1983465 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Acknowledging}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the suspicion }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
surrounding }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422\charrsid9781422 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Gerald P. Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh, }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the corresponding coauthor of the }{\loch\af0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2005}{
\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  paper, }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422\charrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Nov}{\loch\af0\insrsid3685522 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  11, 2005 }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422\charrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that he was suspending his ties with }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\loch\af0\hich\af558\insrsid9781422 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f558 \rquote }{\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s team due to }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ethical reasons.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid9595864 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Gina Kolata}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Scientists' Rift On }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Stem}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 
{\*\bkmkstart Document102zzSR_67}{\*\bkmkend Document102zzSR_67}\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Cells}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 {\*\bkmkstart Document102zzSR_68}
{\*\bkmkend Document102zzSR_68}\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Surrounded By Mystery}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 N.Y.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Times}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Nov. 15, 2005,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9595864 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  A24}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid1020 {\*\bkmkstart Document102zzSR_176}{\*\bkmkend Document102zzSR_176}
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 On Nov}{\loch\af0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  21, }{\loch\af0\insrsid4682448 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 one of the coauthors of the first paper}{
\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\loch\af0\insrsid4682448 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. }{\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Rho}{\loch\af0\insrsid16144699\charrsid16144699 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\loch\af0\insrsid16144699 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Sung}{\loch\af0\insrsid11688840 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -}{\loch\af0\insrsid16144699 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 il}{\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  confessed that he purchased eggs from donors}{\loch\af0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to conduct }{\loch\af0\insrsid15227507 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the research}{\loch\af0\insrsid12853629 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid4854476 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16400828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Tae-gyu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang}{
\i\hich\af558\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f558 \rquote }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s Stem Cell Team Paid for Eggs}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, The Korea Times Nov. 21, 2005. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
ttp://}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4854476 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 /lpage/200511/kt2005112117185110440.htm}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 
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185110440.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  10, 2006).}}}{
\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It was time }{\loch\af0\insrsid1983465 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for the PD\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Notebook }{\loch\af0\insrsid9781422 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to strike. }{\loch\af0\insrsid16022386 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 O}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16083336 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n Nov}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16083336 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1020 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16083336 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , 2005, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16022386 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the first accusation, }{
\loch\af0\hich\af558\insrsid1983465 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f558 \'93}{\i\loch\af0\insrsid5254840\charrsid3685522 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Myth of Hwang Woo}{\i\loch\af0\insrsid11688840\charrsid3685522 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Suk}{
\i\loch\af0\insrsid5254840\charrsid3685522 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and }{\i\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\i\loch\af0\insrsid5254840\charrsid3685522 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Suspicion over Eggs}{
\loch\af0\hich\af558\insrsid1983465 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f558 \'94}{\loch\af0\insrsid5254840\charrsid5254840 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was broadcasted nationwide }{\loch\af0\insrsid9595864 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\loch\af0\insrsid5254840 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South Korea.}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid14639237 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 English version of this program is unavailable. For the summary of the program, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 see}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16400828 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Tae-gyu}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Hwang Faces Renewed Accusations of Using Researcher's Eggs}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The Korea Times Nov. 22, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14639237 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2005}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available online \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid1020 
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  10, 2006).}}}{\loch\af0\insrsid5254840 
\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The first among four }{\loch\af0\insrsid3558816 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in the }{\loch\af0\insrsid1020 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 series focused on }{
\loch\af0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the issue of ova donations, especially donati\hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ons by the female researchers}{\loch\af0\insrsid15946346\charrsid15946346 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\loch\af0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af20\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and ova trading}{\f0\insrsid1020\charrsid1020 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Han }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also}{
\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 claimed}{\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that when }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his newsmagazine team}{
\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted DNA tests }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
through a private DNA testing facility comparing the }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 original }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 donors}{\f0\insrsid3219430 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\insrsid3219430 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 somatic }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cells }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with the }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
alleged }{\f0\insrsid3685522 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 patient-specific}{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cell lines }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cl\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oned from the donors' cells}{
\f0\insrsid14114649 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the result }{\f0\insrsid14114649 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 indicated that the stem cell lines w}{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ere different form the donors' }{\f0\insrsid14114649 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 DNA fingerprints}{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\f0\insrsid1020 
\par \tab }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\f0\insrsid1020 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he backlash was huge. Angry citizens }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 blamed}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 this program }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 tr}{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ying }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to scar }{\f0\insrsid15946346 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  national hero with trivial }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 charges for }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ignorable e
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thical misdemeanors and }{\f0\insrsid7696076 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 impede}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the development of biotechnology.}{\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Scientists }{\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scorned}{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that Han and his team were }{
\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 trying }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conduct}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid15946346 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 amateur }{\f0\insrsid3219430 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific review}{\f0\insrsid15946346 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  beyond their ability}{\f0\insrsid3219430 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Women }{\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 volunteered}{\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to donate their eggs}{\f0\insrsid7696076 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to support Dr. Hwang}{\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid4722761 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
James Brooke And Choe Sang-Hun}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 South Koreans Rush to Defend Cloning R\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 esearcher Against Criticism}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 N}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ew }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Y}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ork}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Times}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Nov. 29, 2005,}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid4722761 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  A11}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\f0\insrsid4722761 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 M}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ajor newspapers}{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , usually}{\f0\insrsid10306146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid16406553 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 opposite}{\f0\insrsid10306146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 side}{\f0\insrsid10306146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MBC}{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  political spectrum,}{\f0\insrsid4854476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid10306146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 criticized}{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 left-wing }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
producers of the program }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for having }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 used unethical and coercive measures }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to i}{\f0\insrsid4854476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 nvestigat}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\f0\insrsid5859612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\f0\insrsid5859612 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unpatriotic}{
\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  zeal}{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 All }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\f0\insrsid12999360 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 twelve}{\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ponsors of the program canceled the}{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 advert\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 isement}{\f0\insrsid4854476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  agreements with }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MBC under pressure }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from }{\f0\insrsid4854476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  consumers. }{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Ministry of Health and Welfare}{\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid16406553 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 based on the investigation of the IRB of }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\f0\insrsid16406553\charrsid4655551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 College of Veterinary Medicine}{\f0\insrsid5250854 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  at}{\f0\insrsid16406553\charrsid4655551 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Seoul National University}{\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced that }{
\f0\insrsid16406553 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 there }{\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were no }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 major}{\f0\insrsid13911740 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical violati
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ons}{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid2373760 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Ministry of Health and Welfare, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Result Of The Investigation On The}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Ova}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Donation Of }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hwang Woo}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 -Suk }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Research Team }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Of }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14298839 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul National University}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }
{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (Press Release}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Nov. 24, 2005. Available \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
online at  h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://www.mohw.go.kr/download.tdf?f=/2005/11/20051124182337799088_1.hwp&fn=}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 \loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\f0 \uc1\u-17164\'3f\u-21388\'3f\u-17163\'3f
\u-13888\'3f\u-17024\'3f\u-17380\'3f\u-11172\'3f\u-17608\'3f}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2373760 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.24.hwp&table=gp_tb_data_file}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 March}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  10, 2006) (Language: Korean). As we have seen infra, this announcement itself was problematic.}}}{\f0\insrsid409187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Though the National Bioethics Committee}{\f0\insrsid12999360 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s investigation was still }{
\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in progress}{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 when}{\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid5250854 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MBC}{\f0\insrsid552166 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\f0\insrsid4854476 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 board of directors decided to }{\f0\insrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cancel the broadcasting of the second series of PD Notebook, }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 shut the program down}{\f0\insrsid3608192 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\f0\insrsid7285292 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and sanction the producers and }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 journalists\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for resorting to coercive and }{\f0\insrsid4655551 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unethical investigative methods}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , it seemed that Dr. Hwang}{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's reputation }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{
\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 would}{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  indeed }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 be saved.
\par }{\f0\insrsid409187 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The story did not end}{\f0\insrsid16006511 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  here}{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Young }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{
\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean biotech scientists }{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 blogging }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the }{
\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Biological Research Information Cen\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ter}{\f0\insrsid3608192\charrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (BRIC}{\f0\insrsid409187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 W}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ebsite }{\f0\insrsid2373760 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 began to }{\f0\insrsid409187 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
post their analyses }{\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on the }{\f0\insrsid2373760 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2005 paper}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5859612 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5859612 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 http://bric.postech.ac.kr/}{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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\f0\insrsid12999360 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  5, 2005, an anonymous}{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid5250854 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 blogger}{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid12999360 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 posted a message that }{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 several }{\f0\insrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 allegedly }{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 different photos included}{
\f0\insrsid14629237 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in}{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hwang}{\f0\insrsid11735512 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s }{\f0\insrsid14629237 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2005 paper }{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\f0\insrsid11617724 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  actually}{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid14629237 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
derived and manipulated from }{\f0\insrsid11735512 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a single ph\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oto}{\f0\insrsid13315829 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and the similarity was discernable to anyone}{\f0\insrsid14629237 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid13789997 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 This "Anonymous" person suggested that on pages 11, 12 of the Supporting Online Materials of Dr. Hwang's 2005 paper (}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 note 15, available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid3893194 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://ww\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
w.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1112286/DC1/1}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5521305 {\*\datafield 
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\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid5859612 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nicholas Wade}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12913422 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
New Criticism Rages Over South Korean Cell Research}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
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 defended Dr. Hwang in spite of the identical photos and data for a while. }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid1847650 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nicholas Wade}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid1847650 
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Dr. Hwang}{\f0\insrsid3608192\charrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\f0\insrsid14835398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 claimed to have }{\f0\insrsid3608192\charrsid3608192 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 created }{\f0\insrsid14835398 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Kim}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2832674 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Tae-kyu, }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16329751 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang Faked Stem Cell }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16329751 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 R}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16329751 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 esearch}{
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\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 data}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5180348 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1381836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2 stem-cell}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  line}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1381836 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 upon Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \rquote }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s order.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16329751 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16329751 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 
\chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid2821490 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nicholas Wade}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  et al., }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid16329751 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Korean Scientist Said to Admit Fabrication in a Cloning Study}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  New York Times Dec. 16, 2005, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid16329751 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A1}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 Seoul National University quickly formed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16329751 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 its own inve}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stigati}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ve}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5177547 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 committee}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2821490 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and declared }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on Dec}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ember}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  23, 2005 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4328552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8460407 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the data of\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4328552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 11 stem cell lines described in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16144699 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4328552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2005 paper were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8460407 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  fabricated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4328552 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from only 2 stem cells}{\cs23\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid8460407 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 AP}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Faked Research On }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Stem}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 {\*\bkmkstart Document60zzSR_64}{\*\bkmkend Document60zzSR_64}\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Cells}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 {\*\bkmkstart Document60zzSR_65}{\*\bkmkend Document60zzSR_65}\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Is Confirmed By Korean Panel}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  New York Times Dec. 23, 2005, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid8460407 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  A6}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8460407 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5505913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5177547 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 committee }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5505913 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5177547 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Seoul National University Investigation Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135783003 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380033003000300033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5505913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  after further investigation that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8222149 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 both }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5505913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the 2005 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8222149 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5505913 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2004 paper }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14835398 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8222149 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  fabricated}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8222149 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 while }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'93}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Snuppy}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 
\loch\af0\dbch\af20\hich\f0 \'94}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was truthful}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10685129 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid10685129 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Nicholas Wade And Choe Sang-Hun}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid10685129 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
Human Cloning Was All Faked, Koreans Report}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , The New York Times, Jan. 10, 2006\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10685129 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  A1}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10685129 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 This }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 re
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sult }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 confirmed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  again by the criminal investigation.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9917132 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14549981 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3439905\charrsid3439905 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 According to the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 investigations conducted by the Seoul National Investigation Committee}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid16403110 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403110 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 
\chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul National University Investigation Committee, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135783003 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380033003000300033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13968498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and the Seoul Central District P}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1853359 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rosecutors' }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13968498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 O}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1853359 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ffice}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3439905\charrsid3439905 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1932539 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 foo\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 tnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1-83 .}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3439905\charrsid3439905 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13968498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the fabrication}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13968498 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 occurred }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15284597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 follows}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12222132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 :}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11469376 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 following facts are based on the investigation by the Prosecutors' Office. The criminal trial will take a while, and some of the facts may change.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 1) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15284597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he 2004 pape\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11469376 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 foo\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 tnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  54-69.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9917132 {\cs23\f0\insrsid9917132 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4728146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In February 2003, one of the researcher}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4728146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in Dr. Hwang's team created an embryo using }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15284597 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Donor Rho}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4728146 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's unfertilized egg}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and cumulus cells and extracted stem cells from it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4728146 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  However, by mistake, not Donor Rho but Donor Lee was recorded as the donor}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Dr. Hw\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ang believed that this embryo (}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 codenamed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  NT-1) was created }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14959408 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 from Donor Lee's cells}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14959408 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14959408 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 DNA }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extraction from the NT-1 stem cell line was delayed (th}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 DNA }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 extraction }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 necessary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 for DNA fingerprinting to prove that the stem cell line and the donor's so\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 matic cell had the same DNA), he ordered }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his subordinate researchers to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 divide DNA materials extracted from the donor's somatic cell (in this case, Donor Lee's somatic cell) into two tubes and send them to a DNA inspection }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 institute}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  as if one were extracte\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d from the stem cell line and one were from the donor's somatic cell.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7417422 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Dr. Hwang denies the charge that he ordered the subordinates to do so, and argues that he did not know that the identical DNA fingerprinting results came from the same cell.  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 No doubt the results of DNA fingerprinting }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5854284 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of both tubes }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were identical, and those data were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 presented }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16467917 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2004 paper. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5854284 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Photos of the NT-1 stem cell line or teratoma were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5854284 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 substituted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5854284 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with clearer photos of completely different cells}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and details of various test}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  result}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s were}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  also}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2629394 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  changed.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5854284 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It is still unclear whether the NT-1 embryo was created by the autologous nuclear transfer using donor Rho's egg and somatic cells, or by the partheno\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 genesis }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 resulted from}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the imperfect nucleus removal from the oocyte and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inadvertent}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  input of the polar body into it.
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2) The 2005 paper}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11469376 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prose
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  
}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11222913 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  9-53, 70-88.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid14836313 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 From September 2004, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Hwang's team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 began research on creating patient-specific stem cells. They }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 creat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embryos by \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 SCNT and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cult}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8192068 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ured}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  them to blastocysts}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1932539 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1932539 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 though }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lower success rate}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid16403110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , since they had used}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14549981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 far }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
more eggs than presented in the paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . The inner cell mass }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 (ICM) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the first }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 successfully}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 grown}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 blastocyst}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  (codenamed NT-2)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was seeded in feeder cells (they w\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
ere mouse feeder cells, not human feeder cells as presented in the 2005 paper)}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in late September 2004}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  As}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360777 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's expertise was on culturing blastocysts, not on
}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  deriv}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ing}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  stem cell lines from blastocysts, he completely relied on }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kim Sunjong, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15947542 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 junior }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  r\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esearcher }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15947542 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in Hwang's team }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and also researcher at }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13720229 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 On}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 October 5, 2004, the ICM }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stopped growing and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 was separated from the feeder cells}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , which }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 signaled the experiment had failed. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5309259 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Kim}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Sunjong, frustrated and desperate, went to }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospita\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 l}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 and brought a stem cell line (codenamed Miz-4) he had been culturing from a residual embryo made}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  from}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in vitro fertilization. He}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  secretly}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mixed this cell line into }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NT-2 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ICM}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15937835 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 reported that he succeeded in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15947542 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 deriving}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  a }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . When Dr. Hwang }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  o\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ther coresearchers did not }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 realize}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  his misconduct}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and praised him}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 instead}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , Kim became braver and created }{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 additional}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  five stem cell lines (codenamed NT-}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11891990 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 3}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to NT-7, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 actually }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had }{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 come from }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 using}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the same }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 method}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as he had in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  December 2004\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7025092 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n early January 2005 }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 those NT-2 to NT-7 stem cell}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  line}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were contaminated by accident}{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and only }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NT-2 and NT-3 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid202570 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 left. T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7555110 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hough the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4866052 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research team}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5984373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  tried to make additional stem cell lines (NT-8 to NT-12; they were in fact created by Kim Sunjong with th\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e same mixing method), no embryo had grown enough to derive stem cell lines }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in time for the deadline to submit the paper. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4866052 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  eager to publish the paper as early as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 possible}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to ensure}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  patent rights and fame, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ordered Kim Sunjong to duplicate }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 data\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4682448 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and photos }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NT-2 and NT-3 }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16400828 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell lines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4682448 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
fabricate}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  data }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for nine}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  more }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2832674 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
non-existing }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 stem cell lines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Other data were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fabricated and nobody except Kim Sunjong }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 had known }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11929792 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that even NT-2 and NT-3 were not real patient-specific stem cells.}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 I}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 n t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he 2005 paper}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , Hwang's team proudly claimed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 they s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ucceeded}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in deriving 11 stem cell lines}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12784158\charrsid12784158 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 with far }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  efficiency. W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hen }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6554985 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Seoul National University Inspection Committee }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted the DNA fingerprinting test, it was revealed that NT-3, NT-3, and oth\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
er stem cell lines derived after the submission of the paper were not patient-specific stem cell lines }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14549981 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 created by SCNT}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , but }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15947542 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 common stem cell lines derived from the fertilized embryos preserved at }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8285202\charrsid8285202 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 MizMedi Hospital}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  This result was reconfirmed by the investi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 gation conducted by the Prosecutors' Office.}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Prosecutors' Office, finalizing the investigation, analyzed the causes of this scandal as}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  resulting from}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 :}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  1) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers' lack of integrity and ethics; 2) }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rigid and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 authoritative}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 research environmen\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t; 3) poor management of research records; 4) }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 lack of principle}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in distributing coauthorships; 5) a formalistic review by the IRBs; and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  6) lack of transparency }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 research budget.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid10701389 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central Prosecutors' Office, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000
}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  135-138.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid3439905 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11762972 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The journal }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid475857\charrsid11469376 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Science }{\cs23\f0\insrsid475857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 retracted }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11762972 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 both }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11762972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2004 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11469376 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11762972 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 2005}{\cs23\f0\insrsid475857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  papers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5787182 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  as }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rrefutable }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5787182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 scientific evidence }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
exposed the fraud}{\cs23\f0\insrsid475857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid5787182 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5787182 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Donald Kennedy, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid12387894 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Editorial Retraction}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Science Express on 12 January 2006}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Scien\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ce 20 Vol. 311. no. 5759, p. 335}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Available }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 online}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid5787182 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5759/335b}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 " }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 {\*\datafield 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on Mar 20, 2006)}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid475857 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Dr. Hwang}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  was }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5787182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dismissed from the university }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 his team's }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 coresearchers were }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sanctioned}{\cs23\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11762972 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11762972 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  Chung}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid3106199 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Ah-young}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid12387894 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Hwang Dismissed from S\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 NU}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
, The Korea Times March 20, 2006. Available online at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid11762972 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid11762972 
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\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 " }{\insrsid6303345 {\*\datafield 
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{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ttp://}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 times.hankooki.com}{\cs18\ul\cf2\insrsid6303345\charrsid11615730 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
/lpage/nation/200603/kt2006032020471011990.htm}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3751867 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Criminal investigation}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 were begun }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 on fraud}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid5787182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 embezzlement}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5787182 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and egg donation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid552166 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 six people, including Dr. Hwa\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ng have been indicted.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid7417422 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Seoul Central District Prosecutors' \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Office, }{
\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781379 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  18-20.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16144699 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The NBC}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 announced their }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 intermediary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054\charrsid6437105 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
report on }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Feb}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ruary}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  2, 2006, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in which }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6381519 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 various}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  ethical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wrongdoings}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  were revealed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1858714 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid13855054 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13855054 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 National Bioethics Committee of Korea, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135781370 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380031003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13855054 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The Bioethics and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 S}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 afety Act itself is under scrutiny and destined }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 for t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4725975 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 otal reform}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1402635 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7417422 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6499168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korean citizens show}{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6499168 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  mixed reactions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6499168 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  this scandal}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 initially, but after observing the criminal investigation, most people are now }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4263606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 determined to prevent the repetition of similar scandals and to clean up the whole research process. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 thorough}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and relentless investigations\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  conducted by }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 a host of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 offices, agencies and committees }{\cs23\f0\insrsid751233 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 testifies to this }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 determination. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4263606 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0   }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3751867 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3106199\charrsid4263606 
\par {\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780222}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135780309}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc135783280}{\listtext\pard\plain\cs23\b\fs32\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af0\langfenp1042\insrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III\tab}}\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15877787 {\cs23\f0\insrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\b\f0\fs32\insrsid3106199\charrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Conclusion:}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\b\f0\fs32\insrsid3106199\charrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Lessons of the }{\cs23\b\f0\fs32\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Stem Cell }{
\cs23\b\f0\fs32\insrsid3106199\charrsid3106199 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Scandal}{\cs23\b\f0\fs28\insrsid13118681\charrsid4263606 {\*\bkmkend _Toc135780222}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135780309}{\*\bkmkend _Toc135783280}
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid4263606 
\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1316298 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In this scandal, r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 esearchers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
skipped many ethical and regulatory issues to achieve the goal }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 quickly}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 F}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid8848251 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 inancial an\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d research records were insufficient and ambiguous. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
wo related IRBs}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 did not }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 properly function}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . The Bioethics and Safety Act of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 South }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Korea allowed too many exceptions}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4284989 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 main governmental oversight body}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid4526780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , did not have the structure and resources to \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oversee the stem cell research. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1316298 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Above all, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4526780 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 too much enthusiasm nullified all the regulatory safeguards. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11930780 {\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1316298 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Once}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 we recognize the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 problem}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s,}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  we can }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 also }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 find the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  answers. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 In the United States, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1316298 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cientific misconduct }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 cases}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  at four major research centers in 19\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 80}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  led to the establishment of the Office of Research Integrity.}{
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\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid14550375 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://ori.dhhs.gov/about/history.shtml}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid14550375\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in 1972}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  led to {\*\bkmkstart Document2zzFN_B106}{\*\bkmkend Document2zzFN_B106}the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  enactment of the}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Nat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ional Research Act in 1974}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11930780 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid11930780 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  scandal of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\cs23\insrsid6303345\charrsid11930780 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 government}{\insrsid6303345\charrsid11930780 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  involvement in research on A\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 
frican-American men with syphilis who were left untreated so that the researchers could study the untreated course of the disease}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ." }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Ken Gatter}{
\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid3234944 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Fixing Cracks: A Discourse Norm To Repair The Crumbling Regulatory}{\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid3234944 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{
\i\insrsid6303345\charrsid3234944 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Structure Supporting Clinical Research And Pr\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 otecting Human Subjects}{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 , }{\insrsid6303345\charrsid9056623 
{\*\bkmkstart Document2zzFN_B1}{\*\bkmkend Document2zzFN_B1}\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0 73 UMKC L. Rev. 581}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\cs20\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid751445 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 596.}}}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780 {\*\bkmkstart Document2zzFN_B107}{\*\bkmkend Document2zzFN_B107}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and the announcement of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\i\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Belmont Report}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in 1978.}{
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref135783181}\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11930780 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15670546 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Belmont Repor}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
t: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Reserach}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Apr\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 il}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  18, 1979. Available online at }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6051649 
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\cs18\ul\cf2\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid10882753 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (last visited on }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid6957728 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  27, 2006).}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135783181}\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1316298 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 We may learn from them. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid11930780\charrsid11930780 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid12089230 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232791 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
hree pi\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 llars of regulation should come together}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in research ethics}{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
. One is the self-regulation by the researchers, another is the IRB review that can closely follow the conducts of researchers, and the third is the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14510919 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 legislative and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governmental }{\cs23\f0\insrsid14510919 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 actions }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that can }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232791 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 fa\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
cilitate }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 researchers}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232791 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ' self-regulation and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6235452\charrsid6235452 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6235452 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the IRBs'}{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232791 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  thorough }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3232791 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 timely review. }{
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\par \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid13173601 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 To encourage self-regulation,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  first,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10767000 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10251653 
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reinforced}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Though }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mandatory ethics education }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 might be deemed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 which }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 raises}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 so many novel issues}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , for instance, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 wh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at life is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 hilosophical }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 training and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 introspect}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ion}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is needed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Second}{
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\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  that "university science becomes entangled with entrepreneurship; knowledge is pursued for its monetary value; and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 expertise}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  with a point of view can be purchased}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ,\'94}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid9707604 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9707604 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Krimsky, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780394 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003300390034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 5}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 1.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 honor and }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conscience}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -based academic self}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 -}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 regulat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9707604 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ion}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  should be \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 re}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5073234 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 considered}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15360252 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4225563 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Strict auditing of research grants and full disclosure of financial interests }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 sh}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4225563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ould be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the two }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mandatory underpinnings}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4225563 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of regulation. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Third, }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 more equitable and transparent }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12594510 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 distribution of coauthorship}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  is cr}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 itical to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 self regulation}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12594510 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Each }{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 res\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 earcher}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  should be accountable and responsible for what she }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 d}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oes}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs17\super\loch\af0\insrsid272316 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid272316 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Shamoo & Res\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 nick, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135780394 \\h}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380030003300390034000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 5}}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at 48-50.}}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid272316 
\par }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5073234 \tab }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15354691 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 It is t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid5073234 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15354691 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 role of the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid5073234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15354691 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 review }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ethics of the research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
 traditional IRB model is now facing a new challenge. In biotechnological research, the ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6303345 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the project itself }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and t\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he researchers' social responsibility }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 do matter}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082\charrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 as well as the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 protection of human subjects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7210207 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  Therefore, at least some of the IRB me}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 mbers should have the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 requisite }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 philosophy }{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  background}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  needed }{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 to review the fundamental ethic}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of the research. Anot
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 her }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 obligation }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that should be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 performed }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by the IRB is}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  risk/benefit analysis}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 N}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ovel }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 factors}{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  should be considered when }
{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducting}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  risk/benefit analys}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 biotechnological research}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  projects}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . Is it okay to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 use}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  300 ova to create one stem cell line, which canno\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t cure disease immediately }{\cs23\f0\insrsid10701389 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 but}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  will }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 increase the possibility of future success}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ? If it is not okay, how many }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ova }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 shall be used}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ? If other mammals' ova are used instead, is it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 riskier}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  in that it might harm human }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 dignity}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  and transfer animal virus}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 es}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to human be\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ings, or }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 is it }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 less risk}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 y}{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 that it}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  caus}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 es}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  less harm to ova donors? }{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 A r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 isk/benefit analysis is in nature case-specific. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Regardless of the existence of laws legislat}{\cs23\f0\insrsid12387894 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ed}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , the primary }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
analysis}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  should be }{\cs23\f0\insrsid2771633 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conducted}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  by the local }{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
IRB. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The }{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should also put more\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  emphasis on avoiding }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 conflicts of interest}{\cs23\f0\insrsid929082 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 .}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Establishment of }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 j}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oint IRBs or }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 r}{\cs23\f0\insrsid225940 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
egional IRBs, certification or license}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of IRB members, and registration of local IRBs may improve the independence of the IRBs. W}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e should c}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ertainly }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 study }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ways to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 improve}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRB perfo\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 rmance. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15421906 {\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
The National Bioethics Committee (or any form of advisory committee or oversight committee }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 at}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  the national level) should set the basic ground rule}
{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 governing how IRBs should f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid8664813 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 unction. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 Though many }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 major}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  questions}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  such as whether we should approve\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  therapeutic cloning or ova trading}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ,}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid786463 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 may b}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
e answered by the legislature, many other questions smaller in scope but no less important should be discussed and answered }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 by }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the NBC. }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 The}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  NBC }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should be more democratized to avoid }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 politicization }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  to achieve fre\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 e and impartial discussion. T}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he function of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 NBC should be separated into policy setting and oversight}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , and f}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 or the former, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 t}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 he diversity of members }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and the independence of the IRB }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 should be increased}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ;}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  its sessions should be more open and accessible to }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 public}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
; and v}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 arious interest groups should have }{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 an}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  opportunity to speak at the committee}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 's}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  session}{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 . For the }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 oversight function}{\cs23\f0\insrsid7818718 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 , an administrative body that }{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 has the authority to conduct regular }{
\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 in}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 spections}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid6490261 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 of}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 
\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  research institutions and the}{\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 ir}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  IRBs and to\hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  run educational program}{
\cs23\f0\insrsid1511716 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 s}{\cs23\f0\insrsid9706163 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  for  IRB members (this function may be outsourced) should be established. }{\cs23\f0\insrsid4338096 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
In establishing and running this regulatory system, we should rely on the }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 principles}{\cs23\f0\insrsid4338096 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  of }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 
respect for persons, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid3369439 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 beneficence, }{\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0 and justice.}{\cs17\f0\super\insrsid15227507 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af0\hich\af20\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\cs17\super\insrsid6303345 \chftn }{\insrsid6303345 
\hich\af20\dbch\af0\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid15670546 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The Belmont Repor}{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t, }{\i\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 supra}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 
\hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  footnote }{\field{\*\fldinst {\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 NOTEREF _Ref135783181 \\h}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid9264001 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003100330035003700380033003100380031000000}}}{\fldrslt {\dbch\af12\insrsid1715801 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 242}}}{
\dbch\af12\insrsid6303345\charrsid2771633 \hich\af20\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }}}{\cs23\f0\insrsid15227507 \hich\af0\dbch\af20\loch\f0  }{\cs23\f0\insrsid16456069 
\par }}