Phelps, ElizabethHofmann, Stefan2023-02-072019-07-31Phelps, Elizabeth, & Stephen Hofmann. 2019. Memory Editing From Science Fiction to Clinical Practice. 572, no. 7767: 43-50.0028-08361476-4687https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37374209Science fiction notions of altering problematic memories are starting to become reality as techniques emerge to edit unique memories. Here we review memory editing research with a focus on improving psychopathology treatment. Studies highlight two windows of memory vulnerability: initial storage or consolidation, and re-storage after retrieval or reconsolidation. Techniques have been identified that modify memories at each stage, but translation from animal models to human memories has been challenging, and implementation into clinical therapies has produced inconsistent benefits. The science of memory editing is more complicated and nuanced than fiction, but its rapid development holds promise for future applications.en-USMultidisciplinaryJournal Article2023-02-0710.1038/s41586-019-1433-7