Olofin, Ibironke O.Liu, EnjuManji, KarimDanaei, GoodarzDuggan, ChristopherAboud, SaidSpiegelman, DonnaFawzi, Wafaie2019-09-212016Olofin, Ibironke O., Enju Liu, Karim P. Manji, Goodarz Danaei, Christopher Duggan, Said Aboud, Donna Spiegelman, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. 2015. “Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Exposed Tanzanian Children up to 2 Years of Age: Early-Life Nutrition, Multivitamin Supplementation and Other Potential Risk Factors.” Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 62 (1): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv073.0142-63381465-3664http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41384681Background: Over half a million children worldwide develop active tuberculosis (TB) each year. Early-life nutritional exposures have rarely been examined in relation to pediatric TB among HIV-exposed children. We therefore investigated independent associations of early-life nutritional exposures with active TB among HIV-exposed children up to 2 years of age. Methods: Participants were children from a randomized controlled multivitamin supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from August 2004 to May 2008, who received daily multivitamin supplements or placebo for 24 months. Results: Lower mean corpuscular volumes [relative risks (RR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.87] and higher birth weights (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99) were protective against active TB, whereas multivitamin supplementation was not associated with TB risk (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.en-USJournal Article2019-09-2110.1093/tropej/fmv073