Martino, NicolaKwok, SheldonForward, SarahLiapis, AndreasWu, SarahDannenberg, PaulYun, Seok-HyunJang, HoonKim, Hwi-MinWu, JiaminJang, Sun-JooLee, Yong-Hee2022-07-262018-11-07Martino, Nicola, Sheldon Kwok, Andreas Liapis, Sarah Forward, Hoon Jang, Kim Hwi-Min, Sarah Wu, Jiamin Wu, Paul Dannenberg, Jang Sun-Joo, and Lee Yong-Hee. 2019. Wavelength-Encoded Laser Particles for Massively-Multiplexed Cell Tagging. Nature Photonics 13, no. 10: 720-27.1749-4893https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37372877Large-scale single-cell analyses have become increasingly important given the role of cellular heterogeneity in complex biological systems. However, no current techniques enable optical imaging of uniquely-tagged individual cells. Fluorescence-based approaches can only distinguish a small number of distinct cells or cell groups at a time because of spectral crosstalk between conventional fluorophores. Here we investigate large-scale cell tracking using intracellular laser particles as imaging probes that emit coherent laser light with a characteristic wavelength. Made of silica-coated semiconductor microcavities, these laser particles have single-mode emission over a broad range from 1170 to 1580 nm with sub-nm linewidths, enabling massive spectral multiplexing. We explore the stability and biocompatibility of these probes in vitro and their utility for wavelength-multiplexed cell tagging and imaging. We demonstrate real-time tracking of thousands of individual cells in a 3D tumour model over several days showing different behavioural phenotypes.en-USJournal Article2022-07-2610.1101/465104