Shiroma, EricCook, NancyManson, JoAnnMoorthy, M. V.Buring, JulieRimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600Lee, I-Min2019-08-272017Shiroma, Eric J., Nancy R. Cook, JoAnne E. Manson, M. V. Moorthy, Julie E. Buring, Eric B. Rimm, and I-Min Lee. 2017. “Strength Training and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49 (1): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001063.0195-91311530-0315http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41263026Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association of strength training with incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: We followed 35,754 healthy women (mean age = 62.6 yr, range = 47.0-97.8) from the Women's Health Study, who responded to a health questionnaire that included physical activity questions in 2000, assessing health outcomes through annual health questionnaire through 2014 (mean +/- SD follow-up = 10.7 +/- 3.7 yr). Incident type 2 diabetes (N cases = 2120) and cardiovascular disease (N cases = 1742) were confirmed on medical record review. Cases of cardiovascular disease were defined as confirmed cases of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass graft, angioplasty, or cardiovascular disease death. Results: Compared with women who reported no strength training, women engaging in any strength training experienced a reduced rate of type 2 diabetes of 30% (hazard ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval = 0.61-0.80) when controlling for time spent in other activities and other confounders. A risk reduction of 17% was observed for cardiovascular disease among women engaging in strength training (hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.72, 0.96). Participation in both strength training and aerobic activity was associated with additional risk reductions for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with participation in aerobic activity only. Conclusions: These data support the inclusion of muscle-strengthening exercises in physical activity regimens for reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of aerobic exercise. Further research is needed to determine the optimum dose and intensity of muscle-strengthening exercises.en-USJournal Article2019-08-2710.1249/MSS.0000000000001063