Nolan, Martin F.2023-06-022005Nolan, Martin F. "Orwell Meets Nixon: When and Why ‘The Press’ Became ‘The Media.’" Shorenstein Center Working Paper Series 2005.2, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 2005.https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37375914A paper by Martin F. Nolan, fall 2004 fellow, explores President Nixon’s antagonistic relationship with the press. He argues that Nixon sought to disarm his critics by changing “the press,” a Constitutionally protected form of expression, into “the media,” a pejorative – and succeeded.en-USResearch Paper or Report2023-06-02