Katz, SheldonVafa, Cumrun2019-09-221997Katz, Sheldon, and Cumrun Vafa. 1997. “Matter from Geometry.” Nuclear Physics B 497 (1–2): 146–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00280-0.0169-68230550-32131873-1562http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41385075We provide a local geometric description of how charged matter arises in type IIA, M-theory, or F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds. The basic idea is to deform a higher singularity into a lower one through Cartan deformations which vary over space, The results agree with expectations based on string dualities.en-USJournal Article2019-09-2210.1016/S0550-3213(97)00280-0