Cranage, Martin P.Fraser, Carol A.Cope, AletheaMcKay, Paul F.Cole, TomMahmoud, A. NasirHall, JoannaGiles, ElaineVoss, GeraldPage, MarkAlmond, NeilShattock, Robin J.Seaman, Michael2012-01-032011Cranage, Martin P., Carol A. Fraser, Alethea Cope, Paul F. McKay, Michael S. Seaman, Tom Cole, A. Nasir Mahmoud, et al. 2011. Antibody responses after intravaginal immunisation with trimeric HIV-1CN54 clade C gp140 in Carbopol gel are augmented by systemic priming or boosting with an adjuvanted formulation. Vaccine 29(7): 1421-1430.0264-410Xhttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5978759Optimum strategies to elicit and maintain antibodies at mucosal portals of virus entry are critical for the development of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we show in non-human primates that a novel regimen of repeated intravaginal delivery of a non-adjuvanted, soluble recombinant trimeric HIV-1\(_{CN54}\) clade C envelope glycoprotein (gp140) administered in Carbopol gel can prime for B-cell responses even in the absence of seroconversion. Following 3 cycles of repeated intravaginal administration, throughout each intermenses interval, 3 of 4 macaques produced or boosted systemic and mucosally-detected antibodies upon intramuscular immunisation with gp140 formulated in AS01 adjuvant. Reciprocally, a single intramuscular immunisation primed 3 of 4 macaques for antibody boosting after a single cycle of intravaginal immunisation. Virus neutralising activity was detected against clade C and clade B HIV-1 envelopes but was restricted to highly neutralisation sensitive pseudoviruses.en-USimmunisationvaginaHIV-gp140Journal Article2012-01-0310.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.034