Mitchell, Jessica E.Chetty, ShivanGovender, PamlaPillay, MonaJaggernath, ManjeethaKasmar, Anne G.Ndung’u, ThumbiKlenerman, PaulWalker, BruceKasprowicz, Victoria Olivia2013-03-152012Mitchell, Jessica E., Shivan Chetty, Pamla Govender, Mona Pillay, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Anne Kasmar, Thumbi Ndung’u, Paul Klenerman, Bruce D. Walker, and Victoria O. Kasprowicz. 2012. Prospective monitoring reveals dynamic levels of T cell immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals. PLoS ONE 7(6): e37920.1932-6203http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10417583Monitoring of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may prevent disease. We tested an ESAT-6 and CFP-10-specific IFN-\(\gamma\) Elispot assay (RD1-Elispot) on 163 HIV-infected individuals living in a TB-endemic setting. An RD1-Elispot was performed every 3 months for a period of 3–21 months. 62% of RD1-Elispot negative individuals were positive by cultured Elispot. Fluctuations in T cell response were observed with rates of change ranging from −150 to +153 spot-forming cells (SFC)/200,000 PBMC in a 3-month period. To validate these responses we used an RD1-specific real time quantitative PCR assay for monokine-induced by IFN-\(\gamma\) (MIG) and IFN-\(\gamma\) inducible protein-10 (IP10) (MIG: r = 0.6527, p = 0.0114; IP-10: r = 0.6967, p = 0.0056; IP-10+MIG: r = 0.7055, p = 0.0048). During follow-up 30 individuals were placed on ARVs and 4 progressed to active TB. Fluctuations in SFC did not correlate with CD4 count, viral load, treatment initiation, or progression to active TB. The RD1-Elispot appears to have limited value in this setting.en-USBiologyImmunologyImmune CellsImmune ResponseImmunologic TechniquesMicrobiologyVirologyCo-InfectionsMedicineClinical ImmunologyDiagnostic MedicineInfectious DiseasesBacterial DiseasesMycobacteriumTuberculosisViral DiseasesHIVInfectious Disease ControlJournal Article2013-03-1510.1371/journal.pone.0037920