Ludvigsson, J FFall, KatjaMontgomery, S2013-08-052012Ludvigsson, J F, K Fall, and S Montgomery. 2012. Risk of prostate cancer in a population-based cohort of men with coeliac disease. British Journal of Cancer 106(1): 217-221.0007-0920http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10919707Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of fatal cancer in men in developed countries. Coeliac disease (CD) has previously been linked to a raised cancer risk, and changes in some exposures following a CD diagnosis might hypothetically raise PC risk. Methods: We identified 10 995 patients with CD who had undergone a small intestinal biopsy in 1969–2007. Statistics Sweden then identified 54 233 age-matched male reference individuals from the general population. PC data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) for PC were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results: During follow-up, 185 individuals with CD (expected n=200) had an incident diagnosis of PC. This corresponds to a HR of 0.92 (0.79–1.08) (with 95% confidence interval) and an absolute risk reduction of 15/100 000 person-years among those with CD. An increased risk was not observed even when identification of PC began 5 years after biopsy. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that a CD diagnosis does not represent an increased risk for PC.en-UScoeliac diseasecohort studyinflammationprostate cancerJournal Article2013-08-0510.1038/bjc.2011.536