Vaidya, Sagar AStreeck, HendrikBeckwith, NoorGhebremichael, MusiePereyra, FKwon, DouglasAddo, Marylyn MRychert, JennaRouty, Jean-PierreJessen, HeikoKelleher, Anthony DHecht, FrederickSekaly, Rafick-PierreCarrington, MaryWalker, BruceAllen, ToddRosenberg, EricAltfeld, Marcus2014-03-112013Vaidya, S. A., H. Streeck, N. Beckwith, M. Ghebremichael, F. Pereyra, D. S. Kwon, M. M. Addo, et al. 2013. “Temporal effect of HLA-B*57 on viral control during primary HIV-1 infection.” Retrovirology 10 (1): 139. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-139.1742-4690http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11879240Background: HLA-B alleles are associated with viral control in chronic HIV-1 infection, however, their role in primary HIV-1 disease is unclear. This study sought to determine the role of HLA-B alleles in viral control during the acute phase of HIV-1 infection and establishment of the early viral load set point (VLSP). Findings: Individuals identified during primary HIV-1 infection were HLA class I typed and followed longitudinally. Associations between HLA-B alleles and HIV-1 viral replication during acute infection and VLSP were analyzed in untreated subjects. The results showed that neither HLA-B*57 nor HLA-B*27 were significantly associated with viral control during acute HIV-1 infection (Fiebig stage I-IV, n=171). HLA-B*57 was however significantly associated with a subsequent lower VLSP (p<0.001, n=135) with nearly 1 log10 less median viral load. Analysis of a known polymorphism at position 97 of HLA-B showed significant associations with both lower initial viral load (p<0.01) and lower VLSP (p<0.05). However, this association was dependent on different amino acids at this position for each endpoint. Conclusions: The effect of HLA-B*57 on viral control is more pronounced during the later stages of primary HIV-1 infection, which suggests the underlying mechanism of control occurs at a critical period in the first several months after HIV-1 acquisition. The risk profile of polymorphisms at position 97 of HLA-B are more broadly associated with HIV-1 viral load during primary infection and may serve as a focal point in further studies of HLA-B function.en-USHLA-B*57HLA-BAcute HIV-1 infectionPrimary HIV-1 infectionViral load set pointMHC class IJournal Article2014-03-1110.1186/1742-4690-10-139