Lan, Wen-JieMaxwell, E. JaneParolo, ClaudioBwambok, David K.Subramaniam, AnandWhitesides, George2014-06-202013Lan, Wen-Jie, E. Jane Maxwell, Claudio Parolo, David K. Bwambok, Anand Bala Subramaniam, and George M. Whitesides. 2013. “Paper-Based Electroanalytical Devices with an Integrated, Stable Reference Electrode.” Lab Chip 13(20): 4103-4108.1473-0197http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12361278This paper describes the development of a referenced Electrochemical Paper-based Analytical Device (rEPAD) comprising a sample zone, a reference zone, and a connecting microfluidic channel that includes a central contact zone. We demonstrated that the rEPADs provide a simple system for direct and accurate voltammetric measurements that are referenced by an electrode with a constant, well-defined potential. The performance of the rEPADs is comparable to commercial electrochemical cells, and the layout can be easily integrated into systems that permit multiplexed analysis and pipette-free sampling. The cost of this portable device is sufficiently low that it could be for single-use, disposable applications, and its method of fabrication is compatible with that used for other paper-based systems.en-USJournal Article2014-06-2010.1039/c3lc50771h