Franke, MollySpiegelman, DonnaEzeamama, A.Aboud, S.Msamanga, G. I.Mehta, S.Fawzi, Wafaie2016-05-132010Franke, M. F., D. Spiegelman, A. Ezeamama, S. Aboud, G. I. Msamanga, S. Mehta, and W. W. Fawzi. 2010. “Malaria Parasitemia and CD4 T Cell Count, Viral Load, and Adverse HIV Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82 (4) (March 26): 556–562. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0477.0002-9637http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27001568We examined the cross-sectional relationships between malaria parasitemia and CD4 T cell count and viral load among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. We then followed women to investigate whether or not baseline parasitemia predicted CD4 T cell counts or viral loads > 90 days post-baseline or predicted time to HIV disease stage 3 or 4 or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related death (ARD). Parasitemia level was nonlinearly associated with viral load at baseline and among measurements taken > 90 days post-baseline; women with low baseline parasitemia, versus none, had higher viral loads at both time points. Any baseline parasitemia predicted an increased rate of ARD among women with baseline CD4 T cell counts ≥ 500 cells/µL (ratio rate [RR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–6.0; P test for heterogeneity = 0.05). Further study is warranted to determine whether or not parasitemia is especially detrimental to individuals with lower levels of immunosuppression or chronic low parasitemia.en-USJournal Article2016-05-1310.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0477