Kim, MinleeKogan, NicoleSlack, Frank2016-08-092016Kim, Minlee, Nicole Kogan, and Frank J. Slack. 2016. “Cis-acting elements in its 3′ UTR mediate post-transcriptional regulation of KRAS.” Oncotarget 7 (11): 11770-11784. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7599. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7599.1949-2553http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27822267Multiple RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation through recognition motifs in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their target genes. The KRAS gene encodes a key signaling protein, and its messenger RNA (mRNA) contains an exceptionally long 3′ UTR; this suggests that it may be subject to a highly complex set of regulatory processes. However, 3′ UTR-dependent regulation of KRAS expression has not been explored in detail. Using extensive deletion and mutational analyses combined with luciferase reporter assays, we have identified inhibitory and stabilizing cis-acting regions within the KRAS 3′ UTR that may interact with miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, such as HuR. Particularly, we have identified an AU-rich 49-nt fragment in the KRAS 3′ UTR that is required for KRAS 3′ UTR reporter repression. This element contains a miR-185 complementary element, and we show that overexpression of miR-185 represses endogenous KRAS mRNA and protein in vitro. In addition, we have identified another 49-nt fragment that is required to promote KRAS 3′ UTR reporter expression. These findings indicate that multiple cis-regulatory motifs in the 3′ UTR of KRAS finely modulate its expression, and sequence alterations within a binding motif may disrupt the precise functions of trans-regulatory factors, potentially leading to aberrant KRAS expression.en-USKRAS3′ UTRpost-transcriptional regulationmicroRNAs (miRNAs)miR-185Journal Article2016-08-0910.18632/oncotarget.7599