Jeong, Jee-YeongLevine, Michelle SAbayasekara, NirmaleeBerliner, NancyLaubach, JacobVanasse, Gary J2015-05-042015Jeong, Jee-Yeong, Michelle S Levine, Nirmalee Abayasekara, Nancy Berliner, Jacob Laubach, and Gary J Vanasse. 2015. “The non-peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag stimulates megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow cells from patients with relapsed multiple myeloma.” Journal of Hematology & Oncology 8 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0136-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13045-015-0136-2.1756-8722http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:15034915Background: Thrombocytopenia is a significant problem in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, precipitating a need for supportive platelet transfusions and necessitating decreases in delivered doses of chemotherapy. Eltrombopag is a non-peptide, small molecule thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist that promotes megakaryopoiesis similar to endogenous human TPO and may be an effective agent for thrombocytopenia in this patient population. Methods: We examined the effects of eltrombopag on megakaryocyte colony-forming capacity in CD34+ cells in patients with multiple myeloma and investigated its impact on proliferation, viability, and apoptosis in primary CD138+ human myeloma cells and myeloma cell lines. Results: Eltrombopag at doses of 0.1 to 100 μM did not enhance proliferation of primary human CD138+ multiple myeloma cells from patients with relapsed disease or myeloma cell lines when used alone or in combination with erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and did not alter cell viability nor apoptosis of human myeloma cells exposed to bortezomib and lenalidomide. Eltrombopag stimulated megakaryopoiesis in human CD34+ cells from normal individuals and from patients with relapsed multiple myeloma via activation of Akt signaling pathways. Conclusions: These results provide proof-of-principle supporting the design of future clinical studies examining eltrombopag for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with advanced multiple myeloma.en-USEltrombopagMegakaryocytesMultiple myelomaCD34CD138Journal Article2015-05-0410.1186/s13045-015-0136-2