Tique, José A.Howard, Leigh M.Gaveta, SandraSidat, MohsinRothman, Russell L.Vermund, Sten H.Ciampa, Philip J.2017-03-282016Tique, José A., Leigh M. Howard, Sandra Gaveta, Mohsin Sidat, Russell L. Rothman, Sten H. Vermund, and Philip J. Ciampa. 2016. “Measuring Health Literacy Among Adults with HIV Infection in Mozambique: Development and Validation of the HIV Literacy Test.” AIDS and Behavior 21 (3): 822-832. doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1348-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1348-3.http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:31731714The role of health literacy on HIV outcomes has not been evaluated widely in Africa, in part because few appropriate literacy measures exist. We developed a 16-item scale, the HIV Literacy Test (HIV-LT) to assess literacy-related tasks needed to participate in HIV care. Items were scored as correct or incorrect; higher scores indicated higher literacy skill (range 0–100 %). We tested internal reliability (Kuder–Richardson coefficient) of the HIV-LT in a convenience sample of 319 Portuguese-speaking, HIV infected adults on antiretroviral treatment in Maputo, Mozambique. Construct validity was assessed by a hypothetical model developed a priori. The HIV-LT was reliable and valid to measure participants’ literacy skills. The mean HIV-LT score was 42 %; literacy skills applicable to HIV care were challenging for many participants. The HIV-LT could be used to assess the relationship of literacy and HIV-related outcomes in diverse settings, and evaluate interventions to improve health communication for those in HIV care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1348-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.en-USHealth literacyMozambiqueHIVHealth communicationsAntiretroviral therapyPsychometricsPovertyJournal Article2017-03-2810.1007/s10461-016-1348-3