Powis, KathleenLockman, ShahinSmeaton, LauraHughes, MichaelFawzi, WafaieOgwu, AnthonyMoyo, Sikhulilevan Widenfelt, ErikVon Oettingen, Julia ElisabethMakhema, JosephEssex, MaxShapiro, Roger2016-04-262014Powis, Kathleen, Shahin Lockman, Laura Smeaton, Michael D. Hughes, Wafaie Fawzi, Anthony Ogwu, Sikhulile Moyo, et al. 2014. “Vitamin D Insufficiency in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Is Not Associated With Morbidity, Mortality or Growth Impairment in Their Uninfected Infants in Botswana.” The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 33 (11) (November): 1141–1147. doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000428.0891-3668http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26836022Background Low maternal 25(OH)D (vitamin D) values have been associated with higher mortality and impaired growth among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants of antiretroviral (ART)-naïve women. These associations have not been studied among HEU infants of women receiving ART. Methods We performed a nested case-control study in the Botswana Mma Bana Study, a study providing ART to women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Median maternal vitamin D values, and the proportion with maternal vitamin D insufficiency, were compared between women whose HEU infants experienced morbidity/mortality during 24 months of follow-up and women with non-hospitalized HEU infants. Growth faltering was assessed for never hospitalized infants attending the 24-month-of-life visit. Multivariate logistic regression models determined associations between maternal vitamin D insufficiency and infant morbidity/mortality and growth faltering. Results Delivery plasma was available and vitamin D levels assayable from 119 (86%) of 139 cases and 233 (84%) of 278 controls, and did not differ significantly between cases and controls (median 36.7 ng/mL; IQR 29.1- 44.7 vs. 37.1 ng/mL; IQR 30.0 - 47.2; p = 0.32). Vitamin D insufficiency (< 32 ng/mL) was recorded among 112 (31.8%) of 352 women at delivery and occurred most frequently among women delivering in winter. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for maternal HIV disease progression did not show associations between maternal vitamin D insufficiency at delivery and child morbidity/mortality, or 24-month-of-life growth faltering. Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency was common among ART treated pregnant women in Botswana, but was not associated with morbidity, mortality or growth impairment in their HIV-uninfected children.en-USHIV-exposed uninfected infantsmaternal vitamin DmorbiditymortalitygrowthJournal Article2016-04-2610.1097/INF.0000000000000428