Xie, ChongLiu, JiaFu, Tian-MingDai, XiaochuanZhou, WeiLieber, Charles2016-01-292015Xie, Chong, Jia Liu, Tian-Ming Fu, Xiaochuan Dai, Wei Zhou, and Charles M. Lieber. 2015. “Three-Dimensional Macroporous Nanoelectronic Networks as Minimally Invasive Brain Probes.” Nat Mater 14 (12) (October 5): 1286–1292. doi:10.1038/nmat4427.1476-1122http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24981602Direct electrical recording and stimulation of neural activity using micro-fabricated silicon and metal micro-wire probes have contributed extensively to basic neuroscience and therapeutic applications; however, the dimensional and mechanical mismatch of these probes with the brain tissue limits their stability in chronic implants and decreases the neuron–device contact. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a three-dimensional macroporous nanoelectronic brain probe that combines ultra-flexibility and subcellular feature sizes to overcome these limitations. Built-in strains controlling the local geometry of the macroporous devices are designed to optimize the neuron/probe interface and to promote integration with the brain tissue while introducing minimal mechanical perturbation. The ultra-flexible probes were implanted frozen into rodent brains and used to record multiplexed local field potentials and single-unit action potentials from the somatosensory cortex. Significantly, histology analysis revealed filling-in of neural tissue through the macroporous network and attractive neuron–probe interactions, consistent with long-term biocompatibility of the device.en-USJournal Article2015-10-05Chong Xie, Jia Liu, Tian-Ming Fu, Xiaochuan Dai, Wei Zhou and Charles M. Lieber2016-04-0610.1038/nmat4427