Prabakaran, SudhakaranHemberg, MartinChauhan, RuchiWinter, DominicTweedie-Cullen, Ry Y.Dittrich, ChristianHong, ElizabethGunawardena, JeremySteen, HannoKreiman, GabrielSteen, Judith A.2015-06-022014Prabakaran, S., M. Hemberg, R. Chauhan, D. Winter, R. Y. Tweedie-Cullen, C. Dittrich, E. Hong, et al. 2014. “Quantitative Profiling of Peptides from RNAs classified as non-coding.” Nature communications 5 (1): 5429. doi:10.1038/ncomms6429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6429.2041-1723http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16120982Only a small fraction of the mammalian genome codes for messenger RNAs destined to be translated into proteins, and it is generally assumed that a large portion of transcribed sequences - including introns and several classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not give rise to peptide products. A systematic examination of translation and physiological regulation of ncRNAs has not been conducted. Here, we use computational methods to identify the products of non-canonical translation in mouse neurons by analyzing unannotated transcripts in combination with proteomic data. This study supports the existence of non-canonical translation products from both intragenic and extragenic genomic regions, including peptides derived from anti-sense transcripts and introns. Moreover, the studied novel translation products exhibit temporal regulation similar to that of proteins known to be involved in neuronal activity processes. These observations highlight a potentially large and complex set of biologically regulated translational events from transcripts formerly thought to lack coding potential.en-USJournal Article2015-06-0210.1038/ncomms6429