Hatfield, Stephen MSitkovsky, Michail2016-03-012015Hatfield, Stephen M., and Michail Sitkovsky. 2015. “Oxygenation to improve cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and blockade of immunological negative regulators.” Oncoimmunology 4 (12): e1052934. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1052934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2015.1052934.2162-4011http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25658394Oxygenation of tumors weakens the tumor-protecting immunosuppressive signaling by A2A adenosine receptors in hypoxic and extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments. This, in turn, unleashes the otherwise inhibited tumor-reactive T and natural killer (NK) cells. Oxygenation of tumors thus emerges as a novel checkpoint inhibitor of potential therapeutic value, but only in combination with cancer immunotherapies.en-USAnti-tumor immunityadenosine receptorsCD8+ T cellsimmunotherapiesoxygennatural killer cellstumor microenvironmentvaccineJournal Article2016-03-0110.1080/2162402X.2015.1052934